The answer is organic chemistry
inorganic chemistry
burn it, if it becomes black, it's carbon
The allotropic forms of carbon, Diamond, Graphite and others have only carbon-carbon bonds
Carbon dioxide and water I think.
All substances are MADE FROM elements but they are not elements. For example CH4 is made of one carbon atom and four Hydrogen atoms. Carbon and Hydrogen are pure elements but CH4 is not an element.
It is called organic compounds (made from living organisms, or used to be). It was only in the nineteenth century when organic compounds could be made in the laboratory from inorganic substances (gas, rocks, minerals, etc.)
A specialist in the study of substances is a chemist; chemistry is the study of the properties of different substances.
Organic is a word that refers to substances that contain carbon. Organic compound is a phrase that refers to substances that contain carbon.
It might not contain it on its own but, as it is made primarily of organic substances, can produce some carbon monoxide when burned.
Carbon, one of the most common solid substances in the universe.
Carbon dioxide and water, assuming the fuel is a hydrocarbon.
Coal is similar to diamonds in that both substances are made from the element carbon.