hot bubbly plasma
The sun's magnetic field.
Electromagnetism, or the twisting of the magnetic field lines on the surface of the sun.
they have strong magnetic activity.
The dark spots on the surface of the sun are sunspots. They are caused by intense magnetic activity which stops convection and causes a relatively cool spot.
The dark spots on the surface of the sun are sunspots. They are caused by intense magnetic activity which stops convection and causes a relatively cool spot.
The Suns activity varies over time including the number of sun spots. they follow an 11 year cycle of relative activity and dormancy. At any one time there may be hundreds of them across the surface.
This is called a black spot and is where the sun is hottest on the surface.
the surface of the sun is a phenomena for the earth surface from the sun
A sunspot is a region on the Sun's surface that is marked by intense magnetic activity, which inhibits convection, forming areas of reduced surface temperature. See link for further information
the surface of the sun is hot
Yes, but not very long in advance. When there is a lot of activity on the surface of the sun and it ejects material towards Earth, the Northern Lights can be seen. So if the activity on the Sun is seen, then it is possible to predict that the Northern Lights will be seen in the following hours and days.
No. It is down to activity on the Sun, which is unpredictable. When there is unusual activity on the surface of the sun that is seen by astronomers, they can predict that the Northern Lights will be visible in a few days after that. That can happen at any time. There is no pattern in terms of when it can happen. Most of the time the required activity is not happening on the sun, so the Northern Lights don't appear at all.