What is the syllabus of sybsc it in kalina university?

Answer 1

S. Y. BSc. Botany

First Term Portion

Paper I: Plant Diversity II

Unit I: Algae and Bryophyta 15

Algae 09

1. Structure, life cycle and systematic position of

· Sargassum

· Batrachospermum

2. Pigments and reserved food in algae

3. Range of thallus structure in algae

Bryophytes 06

Structure, life cycle and systematic position of

· Anthoceros

· Funaria

Unit II: Fungi and Plant Pathology 15

1. Structure, life cycle and systematic position of 08

· Erysiphe

· Agaricus

· Ustilago

2. Diseases - symptoms, causative organism, diseases cycle and control measures of 07

· Rust

· Early blight

· Powdery mildew

Unit III: Angiosperms 15

1. Concerns of taxonomy 02

· Systematics

· Taxonomic structure

· Nomenclature

· Documentation

2. Characters of Taxonomic importance 07

· Exomorphic characters: Morphological characters of root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, seed

· Cytological characters: Chromosome number andchromosome morphology

· Phytochemical characters -

Primary constituents - Proteins, DNA, Polysaccharides

Secondary constituents - Tannins, alkaloids

3. Bentham and Hooker's system of classification for 06

Flowering plants up to family with respect to the following

Prescribed families and economic and medicinal importance

For members of the families:

· Cruciferae

· Tiliaceae

· Meliaceae

· Myrtaceae

· Combretaceae

Paper II: Form and Function II

Unit I: Instrumentation and Techniques 15

· Microscopy - Phase contrast and electron microscopy 04

· Chromatography - Principles and types of chromatography absorption and partition, paper and thin layer 06

· Electrophoresis - Horizontal and vertical gel electrophoresis, Staining techniques for proteins 05

Unit II: Plant Biochemistry and Plant Physiology 15

· Photophysiology and Photorespiration Electromagnetic spectrum, plant pigments and their interaction with light, concept of fluorescence and phosphorescence, light reaction of photosynthesis, C3, C4 and CAM pathway, Photorespiration08

· Carbohydrate Metabolism Structure, synthesis and degradation of Sucrose, Starch, Fructans and Cellulose 07

Unit III: Cytogenetics 15

1. Genetic Mapping in eukayotes 06

Introduction to meiosis (crossing over and recombination during Meiosis), linkage, crossing over and construction of chromosome maps (through 3 - point test cross)

2. Extranuclear Genetics 03

· Organelle hereditary -

a. Chloroplast determines heredity - Plastid transmission in plants, Male sterility in plants, Streptomycin resistance inChlamydomonas

b. Mitochondrion determined heredity - Petit Colonies in yeast

· Maternal effect - Coiling of snail, Pigmentation in Ephestia moth

· Extra chromosomal inheritance in prokaryotes

3. Variation in chromosome 06

Origin and production, morphological and cytological features, Applications in crop improvement and evaluation of Aneuploids and Euploids (Monoploids, Autopolyploids and Allopolyploids)

Paper III: Current Trends in Plant Sciences - I

Unit I: Pharmacognosy 15

1. Introduction to Pharmacognosy - History, present and future 01

2. Introduction to pharmacopoeia 01

3. Concept of Primary and Secondary metabolites 10

Study of secondary metabolites (sources, properties and uses) with reference to Alkaloids, Glycosides, Tannins, Volatile oils and Gums and resins

4. Crude drugs - Classification of crude drugs 02

5. Cosmetology 01

Unit II: Forestry 15

· Types of forests - Classification of forest, different types of forests in India 10

· Applications of forestry - Social forestry, Reforestation, Aforestation, Deforestation 05

Unit III: Ecology 15

1. Ecological factors 05

Concept of environmental factors, soil as an Edaphic factor, soil composition, types of soil, soil formation, soil profile

Community ecology 10

· Concept of community

· Qualitative characters of community - physiognomy, growth forms (Raunkair's classification), Biological spectrum, stratification, species diversity and abundance

· Quantitative characters of community - frequency, density, cover and biomass, species abundance

Second Term Portion

Paper I: Plant Diversity II

Unit IV: Microbiology 15

1. Methods of microbiology 09

· Basic principles of staining

· Culture media preparation

· Pure culture methods

2. Classification of bacteria based on mode of nutrition 02

3.Bacterial Biofertilizers with reference to Rhizobium02

· Mass propagation

· Methods of application

4. Ecological microbiology 02

· Bacteria in Sulphur cycle

· Bacteria in Phosphate solublisation

Unit V: Pteridophyta, Paleobotany and Gymnosperms 15

1. Pteridophyta 07

· Smith's classification of Pteridophyta up to class salient features of Psilophyta, Lepidophyta, Calamophyta and Pterophyta

· Structure, life cycle and systematic position of Sellaginella and Equisetum

2. Paleobotany 03

· Structure and systematic position from genera Rhyniaand Calamites

3. Gymnosperms 05

· Structure, life cycle and systematic position of Pinus

Unit VI: Angiosperms 15

1. Units of classification 02

2. Hierarchy of categories in taxonomic structure 02

3. Tools of angiosperm taxonomy 04

· Museum (herbarium)

· Gardens (Botanical and public)

· Sacred grooves

4. Bentham and Hooker's system of classification for flowering plants up to family with respect to the following prescribed families and economic and medicinal importance for members of the families: 07

· Rubiaceae

· Apocynaceae

· Convolvulaceae

· Urticaceae

· Commelinaceae

· Sub-family - Cannaceae

Paper II: Form and Function II

Unit IV: Anatomy 15

1. Mechanical tissue system 06

· Tissue providing mechanical strength and support and their deposition

· I - girders in aerial and underground organs

2. Conducting tissue system 06

· Primary xylem and phloem

· Types of Vascular Bundles

· Stelar evolution and conducting system in various plant systems

3. Defense mechanism in plants 03

· Morphological, anatomical, physiological and Biochemical defense mechanisms

Unit V: Environmental Botany and Physiology 15

1. Environmental botany 09

· Ecological succession: Hydrosere and xerosere

· Plant indicators

· Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

· Protected Area Network (PAN)

· Environment legislation

· Ecotourism

2. Plant Physiology 06

Phytochrome response and vernalization with reference to flowering in higher plants - Physio-chemical properties of Phytochrome, Pr-Pfr Interconversion, role of Phytochrome in flowering of SDPs and LDPs, vernalization - mechanisms and applications

Unit VI: Molecular Biology and Biostatistics 15

1. Molecular Biology Protein synthesis 09

· Central dogma of protein synthesis

· Transcription, RNA molecules and RNA processing, the transcription process, RNA synthesis, Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

· Nature of the genetic code, translation of the Genetic message, protein sorting in the cell

2. Biostatistics 06

Testing of hypothesis: Chi square test and Student t test (paired and unpaired)

Second Term Portion

Paper III: Current Trends in Plant Sciences I (Lectures 45)

Unit IV: Economic Botany 15

1. Fibres: Types of fibres, fibre yielding plants 05

2. Paper: Types of paper, paper yielding plants 05

3. Spices and condiments: Nutmeg, Mace, Clove, Cardamom and Saffron

Unit V: Horticulture 15

1. Location in the garden - Edges, hedgs, fence, lawn Flower beds, avenue, water garden (with 2 examples each)

Focal point

2. Formal and informal gardens

3. Species diversity in different locations

4. National parks, Botanical gardens

Unit VI: Biotechnology and Bioinformatics 15

1. Biotechnology

· Recombinant DNA technology and manipulation of DNA, Transgenic plant production by Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer (molecular basis) Selectable markers, reporter genes, promoters used In plant vectors, transgenic plants used for improving quality of seeds edible vaccines 07

· Solid state fermentation for production of Fungal Biomass (for industrial enzymes) 03

2. Bioinformatics 05