The term you're looking for is "parallax." Just a caution for you not to confuse parallax, which does answer your question, with the retrograde motion of some of the planets, which is related but different.
astronomical telescope..
Parallax is the apparent difference in the position of a nearer object, compared to more distant background objects, when viewed from two different positions.
The apparent motion of objects in the sky depends on the motions of Earth.
Parallax is the apparent relative motion of objects when an observer moves. That is, when your head (or your telescope) move back and forth you see different objects move different amounts. More distant objects move less than closer objects. You can use this to calculate the distance of an object. Specifically, if an object appears to move by one arc-second (1/3600 of a degree) over 6 months (i.e. as the Earth has moved 2 AU), then it is 1 parsec away - a bit over 3 light-years.
Special curved lenses are used to make objects larger. It is a sense of scale and perception that makes distant objects magnified.
astroids
The inability to see the distant objects is referred to as short sightedness.Short sightedness refer to the inability to see very distant objects.
All sight its based on the light that objects either emit, reflect, or refract. The stars are little different in this regard. We judge distance using a number of different cues, a number of which indicate that the stars are far away.More distant objects will tend to appear smaller. The stars appear small.Any object that blocks a portion of the sky will block the stars from view, so we know the stars are more distant than those objects.When we move, objects we are looking at appear to change position relative to us. The farther away they are, the smaller the change. No matter how much we move there is no apparent change in the position of the stars, meaning they must be very far away.Indeed, the stars are much farther away than they appear to be as we are not able to perceive such distances directly.
parallax
Are you talking about a reference point?
Nearsightedness.
characterization