I think that's a pulsar.
Neutron star
When the layers escape into space, this is classified as a planetary nebula. What usually is left behind is a white dwarf.
It can be as old as 10 billion years. Then it increases to the size of a giant and supernova. After that it turns into a small dense white dwarf.
White dwarf
It will explode as a type Ia supernova.
A white dwarf is the remains of an old star, but they still remain very hot and will continue to shine as a white dwarf for many millions of years until they gradually cool off to become black dwarfs. They are very dense.
Neutron Star
Neutron Star
Neutron Star
A supernova is a star that has exploded into dust and gas. A white-dwarf is a small, hot, dense star nearing the end of its life, that did not have enough mass to go supernova. So the answer is "none".
When the layers escape into space, this is classified as a planetary nebula. What usually is left behind is a white dwarf.
White Dwarf, Sun, Red Giant, Supernova
It can be as old as 10 billion years. Then it increases to the size of a giant and supernova. After that it turns into a small dense white dwarf.
The sun is neither a supernova nor a white dwarf. The sun is a main sequence star. A supernova is not a kind of star: it is the explosion of a massive star.
A white dwarf supernova can only happen in binary pairs where the white dwarf rips matter from the larger star and eventually becomes unstable and it collapses in on itself.
White Dwarf.
The white dwarf collapses under its own gravity. This starts very rapid nuclear fusion reactions. It explodes as a supernova and "stuff" is scattered into space. Essentially nothing of the white dwarf, as an object, remains.
No. When the sun dies it will expel its outer layers in a series of gradual pulses and leave behind a white dwarf.