Having lived and been reared on the Mississippi Gulf Coast, I have heard about them for about 60 years. I now live in Houston, which isn't much better. The normal term is simply "landfall", which is used by everyone, from meteorologists to mayors. I have never heard it called anything else.
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No. The storm surge is a bulge of seawater that is driven onto land by hurricane winds.
storm surge
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The coastal flooding was the result of something called a storm surge. This occurs when the winds of a hurricane drive ocean water onto land.
It is called the Surge and, if the Tide is coming in, it is enhanced and is called a Tidal Surge.
Nothing in particular causes a hurricane to hit land. The paths of hurricanes are influenced by large-scale wind currents, which include the global wind belts and the winds created by other weather systems. Sometimes the path of a hurricane happens to go onto land, and sometimes it doesn't. You tend to hear more about the ones that hit land because those are the ones that cause damage.
Hurricane Hugo first formed on September 9, 1989. Hurricanes are a force of nature and they happen when certain conditions cause winds to build up over the water, then move onto the land. This is why Hurricane Hugo happened.
A marsh does not do anything to affect a tornado's destructive potential, but it can reduce the effects of a hurricane. One of the most destructive parts of the impact of a hurricane is the storm surge, where the winds drive seawater onto land. Marshes reduce the storm surge.
Hurricanes form at sea, they don't move out to sea. Occasionally a hurricane will hit land and its remnants will re-emerge in the ocean. Where a hurricane goes depends on the steering currents int he area, which is largely dominated by the presence of high and low pressure systems in the region. Occasionally these work to take a hurricane onto land and back out to sea.
After moving onto land Hurricane Katrina was cut off from the warm ocean water that was its power source. The storm weakened to an extratropical low before finally being absorbed by another system over the eastern U.S.
put some bread and food on the land and watch them come onto the land but do not stand close to them stand well back as they could get scaried