capacitor is charge holding device ,it holds charge on two plates named as +ve and -ve
Capacitors store charge. There are many applications for their use. There is no set amount of capacitors in a circuit since it is application dependent.
Yes.
The type of dielectric most often used in variable capacitors is air. Also, trimmer capacitors often use mica.
Fire alarm system may be having some electronic devices and cards, in which some capacitors are used. Capacitors are part of any electronic cards.
to protect a circuit from damaging
Not only for AC. Some applications use capacitors to hold a steady charge for periods of time.
The capacitors those are polarity sensitive are called electrolytic and tantalum capacitors. These capacitors are labeled as positive and negative.
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mylar
Ceramic
to limit the current and to use it as a back up battery capacitors are used ..
Capacitors are rated in Microfarads