A stock's par value is the monetary amount assigned to the share of stock.
Par value stock
Issuing Par Value Common Stock for Cash (assume par value is $1) dr. Cash $1.00 cr. Common Stock $1.00 to record issuance of 1 share of $1 par common stock if sold for more than par value (Assuming $5) dr. Cash $5 cr. Common Stock $1 Paid-in Capital in excess of par $4 to record issuance of 1 share of common stock in excess of par.
the minimum selling price of the stock established by the articles of incorporation
If a share costs 95 pence to buy, then that is its par value.
Capital amount paid for excess of par value of common stock is called "Share premium amount" which is also part of capital of business.
There is no correlation between PAR and MARKET PRICE . Par value was the assigned value of a share when the company was set up. There can be par value shares and no par value shares. After the first second, the value of that share has changed from the time it was identified as a share or issued as an outstanding share.
Par value has no real connection to the worth of common stock. For example, when Starbucks went public, its shares of stock was $0.001 par, but opened at $17 and closed in the same day at $21.50; so if there were 2,500 shares sold at opening, it worth 2,500 x $17 = $42,500, but this has no connection to par value. Assuming the 2,500 shares of common stock sold at par value and the earnings was $100,000.00; the par value would be $100,000 / 2,500 = $40.00
Shares of stock that are issued at a value in excess of a company's actual assets are known as watered stock. The term arose many decades ago when a par value was assigned to shares of stock by the board of directors. The par value was correlated by many investors to the actual asset value per share of a company since companies could not sell additional stock below the stated or par value. Dishonest stock promoters would deceptively assign a high par value in order to sell overvalued or watered shares to investors. Due to investor confusion and misuse by shady stock issuers legislation was passed to allow stock to be issued at no par value. Once used as a metric of stock valuation, the term par value has little meaning for present day investors.
If a share costs 95 pence to buy, then that is its par value.
Debit Cash / bank 2500000 Credit Preference shares capital 500000 Credit Common share capital 2000000
[Debit] Cash / bank [Credit] share capital