The vertical component of a projectile's velocity is irrelevant. It can be up, down, or
zero, makes no difference. As long as projectile motion lasts ... gravity is the only
force on the object and you're ignoring air resistance ... its acceleration is constant,
and is equal to the acceleration of gravity: 9.8 meters per second2 pointing down.
Because gravity is acting on the vertical component, exerting a constant -9.8m/s2 worth of acceleration.
The horizontal component of velocity for a projectile is not affected by the vertical component at all. Horizontal component is measured as xcos(theta) Vertical component is measured as xsin(theta) Whereas theta is the angle, and x is the magnitude, or initial speed.
Gravity... I think
The horizontal component of a projectile's velocity doesn't change, until the projectile hits somethingor falls to the ground.The vertical component of a projectile's velocity becomes [9.8 meters per second downward] greatereach second. At the maximum height of its trajectory, the projectile's velocity is zero. That's the pointwhere the velocity transitions from upward to downward.
Just before it reaches the highest point, the vertical component of velocity is upward.Just after it passes the highest point, the vertical component of velocity is downward.There's no way you can change from an upward velocity to a downward velocity smoothlywithout velocity being zero at some instant. A.True.
Because gravity is acting on the vertical component, exerting a constant -9.8m/s2 worth of acceleration.
The horizontal component of velocity for a projectile is not affected by the vertical component at all. Horizontal component is measured as xcos(theta) Vertical component is measured as xsin(theta) Whereas theta is the angle, and x is the magnitude, or initial speed.
Gravity... I think
The horizontal component of a projectile's velocity doesn't change, until the projectile hits somethingor falls to the ground.The vertical component of a projectile's velocity becomes [9.8 meters per second downward] greatereach second. At the maximum height of its trajectory, the projectile's velocity is zero. That's the pointwhere the velocity transitions from upward to downward.
Acceleration at the point of zero vertical velocity will be equivalent to gravitational acceleration on that body. On Earth, for example, this is around 9.8 meters per second per second (9.8m/s2).
In the usual simple treatment of projectile motion, the horizontal component of the projectile's velocity is assumed to be constant, and is equal to the magnitude of the initial (launch) velocity multiplied by the cosine of the elevation angle at the time of launch.
One that goes directly up - the velocity having no horizontal component.
Just before it reaches the highest point, the vertical component of velocity is upward.Just after it passes the highest point, the vertical component of velocity is downward.There's no way you can change from an upward velocity to a downward velocity smoothlywithout velocity being zero at some instant. A.True.
All that I can think of are: 1.) Gravity 2.) Wind 2.A) wind speed 2.B) direction of wind 3.) Angle of trajectory 4.) Initial speed of projectile 5.) Material through which projectile travels (as in density) 6.) Mass of projectile 7.) Spin 7.A) speed of spin 7.B) axis/axes spining occurs on 8.) Shape of projectile 9.) Temperature of medium projectile is in 10.) Size of projectile (as in height, width, and depth) 11.) Weighting of projectile 12.) Obsturctions to projectile's path In a vaccuum, though, these are the variables: 1.) Speed of object 2.) Obstructions in path 3.) Gravity
In the absence of air resistance, the force of gravity has no effect on the horizontal component of a projectile's velocity, and causes the vertical component of its velocity to increase by 9.8 meters (32.2 feet) per second downward for every second of its flight.
Since the velocity is constant due to the fact that there are no external forces acting in the horizontal direction, if you neglect air resistance, therefore, the horizontal velocity of a projectile is constant.
-- Gravity causes the vertical component of projectile motion to vary according to the local acceleration of gravity. -- Gravity has no effect at all on the horizontal component of projectile motion.