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Which unit of measurement would be most appropriate for measuring the weight of a refrigerator a grams or a liters or a milligrams or a kilograms?
Kilograms. liters is mot a mass unit but a volume unit so that cannot come into discussion at all. The only difference between milligrams, grams and kilograms is that 1000 milligrams makes 1 gram and 1000 grams makes 1 kilogram. so you can of course measure the weight of a refrigerator in milligrams but you would have a value in the tens of millions.
Will a flat piece of paper dropped from a height of two meters accelerate at the same rate As a piece of paper crumbled into a ball why or why mot?
In a vacuum, yes, look up the video on youtube of dropping a feather and hammer on the moon. However, on earth, that is not the case, due to air resistance. The flat paper has more surface area for the air to push back up on, and therefore slows it down more
How do friction help racing cars?
No, as far as movement goes, friction is not required. Too much friction would slow a car to a halt, remove it and it'd glide along. Granted you need friction to steer, but not to move. As far as engines go, friction is what wears them down over time. The key to making more efficient cars is less friction.
List some famous physicist and their contribution?
Famous PhysicistsClassical PeriodWilliam Gilbert1544-1603 Englishhypothesized that the Earth is a giant magnetGalileo Galilei1564-1642 Italianperformed fundamental observations, experiments, and mathematical analyses in astronomy and physics; discovered mountains and craters on the moon, the phases of Venus, and the four largest satellites of Jupiter: Io, Europa, Callisto, and GanymedeWillebrod Snell1580-1626 Dutchdiscovered law of refraction (Snell's law)Blaise Pascal1623-1662 Frenchdiscovered that pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every part of the fluid and to the walls of its container (Pascal's principle)Christiaan Huygens1629-1695 Dutchproposed a simple geometrical wave theory of light, now known as ``Huygen's principle''; pioneered use of the pendulum in clocksRobert Hooke1635-1703 Englishdiscovered Hooke's law of elasticitySir Isaac Newton1643-1727 Englishdeveloped theories of gravitation and mechanics, and invented differential calculusDaniel Bernoulli1700-1782 Swissdeveloped the fundamental relationship of fluid flow now known as Bernoulli's principleBenjamin Franklin1706-1790 Americanthe first American physicist; characterized two kinds of electric charge, which he named ``positive'' and ``negative''Leonard Euler1707-1783 Swissmade fundamental contributions to fluid dynamics, lunar orbit theory (tides), and mechanics; also contributed prolifically to all areas of classical mathematicsHenry Cavendish1731-1810 Britishdiscovered and studied hydrogen; first to measure Newton's gravitational constant; calculated mass and mean density of EarthCharles Augustin de Coulomb1736-1806 Frenchexperiments on elasticity, electricity, and magnetism; established experimentally nature of the force between two chargesJoseph-Louis Lagrange1736-1813 Frenchdeveloped new methods of analytical mechanicsJames Watt1736-1819 Scottishinvented the modern condensing steam engine and a centrifugal governorCount Alessandro Volta1745-1827 Italianpioneer in study of electricity; invented the first electric batteryJoseph Fourier1768-1830 Frenchestablished the differential equation governing heat diffusion and solved it by devising an infinite series of sines and cosines capable of approximating a wide variety of functionsThomas Young1773-1829 Britishstudied light and color; known for his double-slit experiment that demonstrated the wave nature of lightJean-Babtiste Biot1774-1862 Frenchstudied polarization of light; co-discovered that intensity of magnetic field set up by a current flowing through a wire varies inversely with the distance from the wireAndré Marie Ampère1775-1836 Frenchfather of electrodynamicsAmadeo Avogadro1776-1856 Italiandeveloped hypothesis that all gases at same volume, pressure, and temperature contain same number of atomsJohann Carl Friedrich Gauss1777-1855 Germanformulated separate electrostatic and electrodynamical laws, including ``Gauss' law''; contributed to development of number theory, differential geometry, potential theory, theory of terrestrial magnetism, and methods of calculating planetary orbitsHans Christian Oersted1777-1851 Danishdiscovered that a current in a wire can produce magnetic effectsSir David Brewster1781-1868 Englishdeduced ``Brewster's law'' giving the angle of incidence that produces reflected light which is completely polarized; invented the kaleidoscope and the stereoscope, and improved the spectroscopeAugustin-Jean Fresnel1788-1827 Frenchstudied transverse nature of light wavesGeorg Ohm1789-1854 Germandiscovered that current flow is proportional to potential difference and inversely proportional to resistance (Ohm's law)Michael Faraday1791-1867 Englishdiscovered electromagnetic induction and devised first electrical transformerFelix Savart1791-1841 Frenchco-discovered that intensity of magnetic field set up by a current flowing through a wire varies inversely with the distance from the wireSadi Carnot1796-1832 Frenchfounded the science of thermodynamicsJoseph Henry1797-1878 Americanperformed extensive fundamental studies of electromagnetic phenomena; devised first practical electric motorChristian Doppler1803-1853 Austrianexperimented with sound waves; derived an expression for the apparent change in wavelength of a wave due to relative motion between the source and observerWilhelm E. Weber1804-1891 Germandeveloped sensitive magnetometers; worked in electrodynamics and the electrical structure of matterSir William Hamilton1805-1865 Irishdeveloped the principle of least action and the Hamiltonian form of classical mechanicsJames Prescott Joule1818-1889 Britishdiscovered mechanical equivalent of heatArmand-Hippolyte-Louis Fizeau1819-1896 Frenchmade the first terrestrial measurement of the speed of light; invented one of the first interferometers; took the first pictures of the Sun on daguerreotypes; argued that the Doppler effect with respect to sound should also apply to any wave motion, particularly that of lightJean-Bernard-Léon Foucault1819-1868 Frenchaccurately measured speed of light; invented the gyroscope; demonstrated the Earth's rotationSir George Gabriel Stokes1819-1903 Britishdescribed the motion of viscous fluids by independently discovering the Navier-Stokes equations of fluid mechanics (or hydrodynamics); developed Stokes theorem by which certain surface integrals may be reduced to line integrals; discovered fluorescenceHermann von Helmholtz1821-1894 Germandeveloped first law of thermodynamics, a statement of conservation of energyRudolf Clausius1822-1888 Germandeveloped second law of thermodynamics, a statement that the entropy of the Universe always increasesLord Kelvin (born William Thomson)1824-1907 Britishproposed absolute temperature scale, of essence to development of thermodynamicsGustav Kirchhoff1824-1887 Germandeveloped three laws of spectral analysis and three rules of electric circuit analysis; also contributed to opticsJohann Balmer1825-1898 Swissdeveloped empirical formula to describe hydrogen spectrumSir Joseph Wilson Swan1828-1914 Britishdeveloped a carbon-filament incandescent light; patented the carbon process for printing photographs in permanent pigmentJames Clerk Maxwell1831-1879 Scottishpropounded the theory of electromagnetism; developed the kinetic theory of gasesJosef Stefan1835-1893 Austrianstudied blackbody radiationErnst Mach1838-1916 Austrianstudied conditions that occur when an object moves through a fluid at high speed (the ``Mach number'' gives the ratio of the speed of the object to the speed of sound in the fluid); proposed ``Mach's principle,'' which states that the inertia of an object is due to the interaction between the object and the rest of the universeJosiah Gibbs1839-1903 Americandeveloped chemical thermodynamics; introduced concepts of free energy and chemical potentialJames Dewar1842-1923 Britishliquified nitrogen and invented the Dewar flask, which is critical for low-temperature workOsborne Reynolds1842-1912 Britishcontributed to the fields of hydraulics and hydrodynamics; developed mathematical framework for turbulence and introduced the ``Reynolds number,'' which provides a criterion for dynamic similarity and correct modeling in many fluid-flow experimentsLudwig Boltzmann1844-1906 Austriandeveloped statistical mechanics and applied it to kinetic theory of gasesRoland Eötvös1848-1919 Hungariandemonstrated equivalence of gravitational and inertial massOliver Heaviside1850-1925 Englishcontributed to the development of electromagnetism; introduced operational calculus and invented the modern notation for vector calculus; predicted existence of the Heaviside layer (a layer of the Earth's ionosphere)George Francis FitzGerald1851-1901 Irishhypothesized foreshortening of moving bodies (Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction) to explain the result of the Michelson-Morley experimentJohn Henry Poynting1852-1914 Britishdemonstrated that the energy flow of electromagnetic waves could be calculated by an equation (now called Poynting's vector)Henri Poincaré1854-1912 Frenchfounded qualitative dynamics (the mathematical theory of dynamical systems); created topology; contributed to solution of the three-body problem; first described many properties of deterministic chaos; contributed to the development of special relativityJanne Rydberg1854-1919 Swedishanalyzed the spectra of many elements; discovered many line series were described by a formula that depended on a universal constant (the Rydberg constant)Edwin H. Hall1855-1938 Americandiscovered the ``Hall effect,'' which occurs when charge carriers moving through a material are deflected because of an applied magnetic field - the deflection results in a potential difference across the side of the material that is transverse to both the magnetic field and the current directionHeinrich Hertz1857-1894 Germanworked on electromagnetic phenomena; discovered radio waves and the photoelectric effectNikola Tesla1857-1943 Serbian-born Americancreated alternating currentNobel LaureatesJohannes van der Waals1837-1923 Dutchworked on equations of state for gases and liquidsLord Rayleigh (born John William Strutt)1842-1919 Britishdiscovered argon; explained how light scattering is responsible for red color of sunset and blue color of skyWilhelm Röntgen1845-1923 Germandiscovered and studied x raysAntoine Henri Becquerel1852-1908 Frenchdiscovered natural radioactivityAlbert A. Michelson1852-1931 German-born Americandevised an interferometer and used it to try to measure Earth's absolute motion; precisely measured speed of lightHendrik Antoon Lorentz1853-1928 Dutchintroduced Lorentz transformation equations of special relativity; advanced ideas of relativistic length contraction and relativistic mass increase; contributed to theory of electromagnetismHeike Kamerlingh-Onnes1853-1926 Dutchliquified helium; discovered superconductivitySir Joseph John Thomson1856-1940 Britishdemonstrated existence of the electronMax Planck1858-1947 Germanformulated the quantum theory; explained wavelength distribution of blackbody radiationPierre Curie1859-1906 Frenchstudied radioactivity with wife, Marie Curie; discovered piezoelectricitySir William Henry Bragg1862-1942 Britishworked on x-ray spectrometryPhilipp von Lenard1862-1947 Germanstudied cathode rays and the photoelectric effectWilhelm Wien1864-1928 Germandiscovered laws governing radiation of heatPieter Zeeman1865-1943 Dutchdiscovered splitting of spectral lines in a strong magnetic fieldMarie Curie1867-1934 Polish-born Frenchdiscovered radioactivity of thorium; co-discovered radium and poloniumRobert Millikan1868-1953 Americanmeasured the charge of an electron; introduced term ``cosmic rays'' for the radiation coming from outer space; studied the photoelectric effectCharles Wilson1869-1959 Britishinvented the cloud chamberJean Baptiste Perrin1870-1942 Frenchexperimentally proved that cathode rays were streams of negatively charged particles; experimentally confirmed the correctness of Einstein's theory of Brownian motion, and through his measurements obtained a new determination of Avogadro's numberLord Ernest Rutherford1871-1937 New Zealandertheorized existence of the atomic nucleus based on results of the alpha-scattering experiment performed by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden; developed theory of Rutherford scattering (scattering of spinless, pointlike particles from a Coulomb potential)Guglielmo Marconi1874-1937 Italianinvented the first practical system of wireless telegraphyJohannes Stark1874-1957 Germandiscovered splitting of spectral lines in a strong electric fieldCharles Glover Barkla1877-1944 Britishdiscovered that every chemical element, when irradiated by x rays, can emit an x-ray spectrum of two line-groups, which he named the K-series and L-series, that are of fundamental importance to understanding atomic structureAlbert Einstein1879-1955 German-born Americanexplained Brownian motion and photoelectric effect; contributed to theory of atomic spectra; formulated theories of special and general relativityOtto Hahn1879-1968 Germandiscovered the fission of heavy nucleiMax von Laue1879-1960 Germandiscovered diffraction of x rays by crystalsSir Owen Richardson1879-1959 Britishdiscovered the basic law of thermionic emission, now called the Richardson (or Richardson-Dushman) equation, which describes the emission of electrons from a heated conductorClinton Joseph Davisson1881-1958 Americanco-discovered electron diffractionMax Born1882-1970 German-born Britishcontributed to creation of quantum mechanics; pioneer in the theory of crystalsPercy Williams Bridgman1882-1961 Americaninvented an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures; made many discoveries in high-pressure physicsJames Franck1882-1964 Germanexperimentally confirmed that atomic energy states are quantizedVictor Franz Hess1883-1964 Austriandiscovered cosmic radiationPeter Debye1884-1966 Dutch-born Germanused methods of statistical mechanics to calculate equilibrium properties of solids; contributed to knowledge of molecular structureNiels Bohr1885-1962 Danishcontributed to quantum theory and to theory of nuclear reactions and nuclear fissionKarl Manne Georg Siegbahn1886-1978 Swedishmade important experimental contributions to the field of x-ray spectroscopyGustav Hertz1887-1975 Germanexperimentally confirmed that atomic energy states are quantizedErwin Schrödinger1887-1961 Austriancontributed to creation of quantum mechanics; formulated the Schrödinger wave equationSir Chandrasekhara Raman1888-1970 Indianstudied light scattering and discovered the Raman effectOtto Stern1888-1969 German-born Americancontributed to development of the molecular beam method; discovered the magnetic moment of the protonFrits Zernike1888-1966 Dutchinvented the phase-contrast microscope, a type of microscope widely used for examining specimens such as biological cells and tissuesSir William Lawrence Bragg1890-1971 Britishworked on crystal structure and x raysWalther Bothe1891-1957 Germandevised a coincidence counter for studying cosmic rays; demonstrated validity of energy-momentum conservation at the atomic scaleSir James Chadwick1891-1974 Britishdiscovered the neutronSir Edward Appleton1892-1965 Englishdiscovered the layer of the Earth's atmosphere, called the Appleton layer, which is the part of the ionosphere having the highest concentration of free electrons and is the most useful for radio transmissionPrince Louis-Victor de Broglie1892-1987 Frenchpredicted wave properties of the electronArthur Compton1892-1962 Americandiscovered the increase in wavelength of x rays when scattered by an electronSir George Paget Thomson1892-1975 Britishco-discovered electron diffractionHarold Clayton Urey1893-1981 Americandiscovered deuteriumPjotr Leonidovich Kapitsa1894-1984 Sovietheralded a new era of low-temperature physics by inventing a device for producing liquid helium without previous cooling with liquid hydrogen; demonstrated that Helium II is a quantum superfluidIgor Y. Tamm1895-1971 Sovietco-developed the theoretical interpretation of the radiation of electrons moving through matter faster than the speed of light (the ``Cerenkov effect''), and developed the theory of showers in cosmic raysRobert S. Mulliken1896-1986 Americanintroduced the theoretical concept of the molecular orbital, which led to a new understanding of the chemical bond and the electronic structure of moleculesLord Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett1897-1974 Britishdeveloped an automatic Wilson cloud chamber; discovered electron-positron pair production in cosmic raysSir John Cockcroft1897-1967 Britishco-invented the first particle acceleratorIrène Joliot-Curie1897-1956 Frenchco-discovered artificial radioactivityIsador Isaac Rabi1898-1988 Austrian-born Americandeveloped the resonance technique for measuring the magnetic properties of atomic nucleiFrédéric Joliot-Curie1900-1958 Frenchco-discovered artificial radioactivityDennis Gabor1900-1979 Hungarianinvented and developed the holographic method whereby it is possible to record and display a three-dimensional display of an objectWolfgang Pauli1900-1958 Austrian-born Americandiscovered the exclusion principle; suggested the existence of the neutrinoEnrico Fermi1901-1954 Italian-born Americanperformed experiments leading to first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction; developed a theory of beta decay that introduced the weak interaction; derived the statistical properties of gases that obey the Pauli exclusion principleWerner Heisenberg1901-1976 Germancontributed to creation of quantum mechanics; introduced the ``uncertainty principle'' and the concept of exchange forcesErnest Orlando Lawrence1901-1958 Americaninvented the cyclotronPaul Adrien Maurice Dirac1902-1984 Britishhelped found quantum electrodynamics; predicted the existence of antimatter by combining quantum mechanics with special relativityAlfred Kastler1902-1984 Frenchdiscovered and developed optical methods for studying the Hertzian resonances that are produced when atoms interact with radio waves or microwavesEugene Wigner1902-1995 Hungarian-born Americancontributed to theoretical atomic and nuclear physics; introduced concept of the nuclear cross sectionCecil F. Powell1903-1969 Britishdeveloped the photographic emulsion method of studying nuclear processes; discovered the charged pionErnest Walton1903-1995 Irishco-invented the first particle acceleratorPavel A. Cherenkov1904-1990 Sovietdiscovered the ``Cerenkov effect'' whereby light is emitted by a particle passing through a medium at a speed greater than that of light in the mediumCarl David Anderson1905-1991 Americandiscovered the positron and the muonFelix Bloch1905-1983 Swiss-born Americancontributed to development of the NMR technique; measured the magnetic moment of the neutron; contributed to the theory of metalsSir Nevill F. Mott1905-1996 Britishcontributed to theoretical condensed-matter physics by applying quantum theory to complex phenomena in solids; calculated cross section for relativistic Coulomb scatteringEmilio Segrè1905-1989 Italian-born Americanco-discovered the antiproton; discovered technetiumHans Bethe1906-2005 German-born Americancontributed to theoretical nuclear physics, especially concerning the mechanism for energy production in starsMaria Goeppert-Mayer1906-1972 German-born Americanadvanced shell model of nuclear structureErnst Ruska1906-1988 Germandesigned the first electron microscopeShin-Ichiro Tomonaga1906-1979 Japaneseco-developed quantum electrodynamicsJ. Hans D. Jensen1907-1973 Germanadvanced shell model of nuclear structureEdwin M. McMillan1907-1991 Americanmade discoveries concerning the transuranium elementsHideki Yukawa1907-1981 Japanesepredicted existence of the pionJohn Bardeen1908-1991 Americanco-discovered the transistor effect; developed theory of superconductivityIl'ja M. Frank1908-1990 Sovietco-developed the theoretical interpretation of the radiation of electrons moving through matter faster than the speed of light (the ``Cerenkov effect''), and carried out experimental investigations of pair creation by gamma raysLev Landau1908-1968 Sovietcontributed to condensed matter theory on phenomena of superfluidity and superconductivitySubramanyan Chandrasekhar1910-1995 Indian-born Americanmade important theoretical contributions concerning the structure and evolution of stars, especially white dwarfsWilliam Shockley1910-1989 Americanco-discovered the transistor effectLuis Walter Alvarez1911-1988 Americanconstructed huge bubble chambers and discovered many short-lived hadrons; advanced the impact theory for the extinction of the dinosaursWilliam Fowler1911-1995 Americanstudied nuclear reactions of astrophysical significance; developed, with others, a theory of the formation of chemical elements in the universePolykarp Kusch1911-1993 Americanexperimentally established that the electron has an anomalous magnetic moment and made a precision determination of its magnitudeEdward Mills Purcell1912-1997 Americandeveloped method of nuclear resonance absorption that permitted the absolute determination of nuclear magnetic moments; co-discovered a line in the galactic radiospectrum caused by atomic hydrogenGlenn T. Seaborg1912-1999 Americanco-discovered plutonium and all further transuranium elements through element 102Willis E. Lamb, Jr.1913-2008 Americanmade discoveries concerning fine structure of hydrogenRobert Hofstadter1915-1990 Americanmeasured charge distributions in atomic nuclei with high-energy electron scattering; measured the charge and magnetic-moment distributions in the proton and neutronNorman F. Ramsey, Jr.1915-2011 Americandeveloped the separated oscillatory fields method, which is the basis of the cesium atomic clock (our present time standard); co-invented the hydrogen maserClifford G. Shull1915-2001 Americandeveloped a neutron scattering technique in which a neutron diffraction pattern is produced that may be used to determine the atomic structure of a materialCharles H. Townes1915- Americancreated first maser using ammonia to produce coherent microwave radiationFrancis Crick1916-2004 Englishco-proposed the double-helix structure of DNAMaurice Wilkins1916-2004 Britishinvestigated the structure of DNABertram N. Brockhouse1918-2003 Canadiandeveloped the technique of neutron spectroscopy for studies of condensed matterRichard P. Feynman1918-1988 Americanco-developed quantum electrodynamics; created a new formalism for practical calculations by introducing a graphical method called Feynman diagramsFrederick Reines1918-1998 Americanestablished, together with Clyde L. Cowan, Jr., the existence of the electron antineutrino by detecting them using a reactor experimentJulian Schwinger1918-1994 Americanco-developed quantum electrodynamicsKai M. Siegbahn1918-2007 Swedishcontributed to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopyNicolaas Bloembergen1920- Dutch-born Americancontributed to the development of laser spectroscopyOwen Chamberlain1920-2006 Americanco-discovered the antiprotonYoichiro Nambu1921- Japanese-born Americancontributed to elementary particle theory; recognized the role played by spontaneous symmetry-breaking in analogy with superconductivity theory; formulated QCD (quantum chromodynamics), the gauge theory of colorAndrei Sakharov1921-1989 Russianfather of the Soviet hydrogen bomb; awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his struggle for human rights, for disarmament, and for cooperation between all nationsArthur L. Schawlow1921-1999 Americancontributed to the development of laser spectroscopyJack Steinberger1921- German-born Americanmade many important discoveries in particle physics; co-discovered the neutral pion via photoproduction; co-discovered the muon neutrinoNikolai Basov1922-2001 Sovietworked in quantum electronics; independently worked out theoretical basis of the maserAage Bohr1922-2009 Danishcontributed to theoretical understanding of collective motion in nucleiLeon Lederman1922- Americancontributed to the discovery of the muon neutrino and the bottom quarkChen Ning Yang1922- Chinese-born Americanco-proposed parity violation in weak interactionsVal Logsdon Fitch1923- Americanco-discovered that decays of neutral kaons sometime violate CP conservationJack S. Kilby1923-2005 Americaninvented the monolithic integrated circuit - the microchip - which laid the foundation for the field of microelectronics; co-invented the hand held calculatorWillard S. Boyle1924-2011 Canadianco-invented the CCD (charge-coupled device)Georges Charpak1924-2010 Frenchinvented the multiwire proportional chamberRoy J. Glauber1925- Americanmade important contributions to the theoretical understanding of quantum optics and high-energy collisionsSimon van der Meer1925-2011 Dutchcontributed to experiments that led to the discovery of the carriers (W± and Z°) of the weak interactionDonald A. Glaser1926- Americaninvented the bubble chamberHenry W. Kendall1926-1999 Americanco-discovered, through investigations of deep-inelastic electron scattering, clear signs that there exists an inner structure (quarks and gluons) in the protons and neutrons of the atomic nucleusBen Mottelson1926- Americancontributed to theoretical understanding of collective motion in nucleiTsung-Dao Lee1926- Chinese-born Americanco-proposed parity violation in weak interactionsAbdus Salam1926-1996 Pakistanico-developed gauge field theory of the electroweak interaction; suggested that the proton might be unstableK. Alexander Müller1927- Swissco-discovered the first ceramic superconductorsMartin L. Perl1927- Americandiscovered the tau leptonMurray Gell-Mann1929- Americanadvanced an explanation of strange particles; predicted the existence of the Omega- particle; postulated existence of quarks; founded the study of QCDRudolf Ludwig Mössbauer1929- Germanexperimented with resonance absorption of gamma radiation; discovered ``Mössbauer effect,'' the recoilless emission of gamma rays by nucleiRichard E. Taylor1929- Canadianco-discovered, through investigations of deep-inelastic electron scattering, clear signs that there exists an inner structure (quarks and gluons) in the protons and neutrons of the atomic nucleusLeon Cooper1930- Americancontributed to condensed matter theory on phenomena of superconductivityJerome I. Friedman1930- Americanco-discovered, through investigations of deep-inelastic electron scattering, clear signs that there exists an inner structure (quarks and gluons) in the protons and neutrons of the atomic nucleusGeorge E. Smith1930- Americanco-invented the CCD (charge-coupled device)James W. Cronin1931- Americanco-discovered that decays of neutral kaons sometime violate CP conservationDavid M. Lee1931- Americanco-discovered that the isotope Helium-3 becomes a quantum superfluid near absolute zeroBurton Richter1931- Americancarried out an experiment leading to the discovery of charmoniumJ. Robert Schrieffer1931- Americancontributed to condensed matter theory on phenomena of superconductivityPierre-Gilles de Gennes1932-2007 Frenchdeveloped theories in condensed matter physics applicable to liquid crystals and polymersSheldon Glashow1932- Americanco-developed gauge field theory of the electroweak interactionMelvin Schwartz1932-2006 Americanproposed that it should be possible to produce and use a beam of neutrinos; co-discovered the muon neutrinoClaude Cohen-Tannoudji1933- Frenchdeveloped methods, with his colleagues, of using laser light to cool helium atoms to a temperature of about 0.18 µK and capturing the chilled atoms in a trapCharles K. Kao1933- Chinese-born British-Americanpioneer in the development and use of fiber optics in telecommunicationsArno A. Penzias1933- German-born Americanco-discovered the cosmic microwave background radiationHeinrich Rohrer1933- Swissco-designed the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), a type of microscope in which a fine conducting probe is held close the surface of a sampleSteven Weinberg1933- Americanco-developed gauge field theory of the electroweak interactionCarlo Rubbia1934- Italiancontributed to experiments that led to the discovery of the carriers (W± and Z°) of the weak interactionRobert W. Wilson1936- Americanco-discovered the cosmic microwave background radiationSamuel C. C. Ting1936- Americancarried out an experiment leading to the discovery of charmoniumKenneth Wilson1936- Americaninvented renormalization group methods to develop a theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions; contributed to solving QCD using lattice gauge theoryRobert C. Richardson1937- Americanco-discovered that the isotope Helium-3 becomes a quantum superfluid near absolute zeroAlbert Fert1938- Frenchco-discovered Giant Magnetoresistance, which brought about a breakthrough in gigabyte hard disksPeter Grünberg1939- Germanco-discovered Giant Magnetoresistance, which brought about a breakthrough in gigabyte hard disksBrian Josephson1940- Britishcontributed to theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrierToshihide Maskawa1940- Japanesecontributed to theoretical understanding of CP-violation; co-discovered the origin of the broken symmetry that predicts the existence of at least three families of quarksDavid J. Gross1941- Americanco-discovered ``asymptotic freedom'' in non-Abelian gauge theories; contributed to the development of string theoryKlaus von Klitzing1943- Germandiscovered the quantized Hall effectMakato Kobayashi1944- Japanesecontributed to theoretical understanding of CP-violation; co-discovered the origin of the broken symmetry that predicts the existence of at least three families of quarksDouglas D. Osheroff1945- Americanco-discovered that the isotope Helium-3 becomes a quantum superfluid near absolute zeroGerard t' Hooft1946- Dutchcontributed to theoretical understanding of gauge theories in elementary particle physics, quantum gravity and black holes, and fundamental aspects of quantum physicsGerd Binnig1947- Germanco-designed the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), a type of microscope in which a fine conducting probe is held close the surface of a sampleSteven Chu1948- Americandeveloped the Doppler cooling method of using laser light (optical molasses) to cool gases and capturing the chilled atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT)William D. Phillips1948- Americandeveloped, with his colleagues, a device called a Zeeman slower, with which he could slow down and capture atoms in a purely magnetic trapH. David Politzer1949- Americanco-discovered ``asymptotic freedom'' in non-Abelian gauge theories; co-predicted the existence of charmonium - the bound state of a charm quark and its antiparticleJ. Georg Bednorz1950- Germanco-discovered the first ceramic superconductorsRobert Laughlin1950- Americandeveloped a theory of quantum fluids that explained the fractional quantum Hall effectFrank Wilczek1951- Americanco-discovered ``asymptotic freedom'' in non-Abelian gauge theories; contributed to the study of ``anyons'' (particle-like excitations in two-dimensional systems that obey ``fractional statistics'')Andre Geim1958- Dutch-Russianco-discovered a simple method for isolating single atomic layers of graphite, known as grapheneKonstantin Novoselov1974- Russian-Britishco-discovered a simple method for isolating single atomic layers of graphite, known as grapheneOthersWallace Clement Sabine1868-1919 Americanfounded the science of architectural acousticsArnold Sommerfeld1868-1951 Germangeneralized the circular orbits of the atomic Bohr model to elliptical orbits; introduced the magnetic quantum number; used statistical mechanics to explain the electronic properties of metalsLise Meitner1878-1968 Austrian-born Swedishco-discovered the element protactinium and studied the effects of neutron bombardment on uranium; introduced term ``fission'' for splitting the atomic nucleusPaul Ehrenfest1880-1933 Austrianapplied quantum mechanics to rotating bodies; helped develop the modern statistical theory of nonequilibrium thermodynamicsTheodor von Kármán1881-1963 Hungarian-born Americanprovided major contributions to our understanding of fluid mechanics, turbulence theory, and supersonic flightWalther Meissner1882-1974 Germanco-discovered the ``Meissner effect'', whereby a superconductor expells a magnetic fieldHans Geiger1883-1945 Germanhelped measure charge-to-mass ratio for alpha particles; invented Geiger counter for detecting ionizing particlesHermann Weyl1885-1955 Germanattempted to incorporate electromagnetism into general relativity; evolved the concept of continuous groups using matrix representations and applied group theory to quantum mechanicsArthur Jeffrey Dempster1886-1950 Canadian-born Americandiscovered the isotope uranium-235Henry Moseley1887-1915 Britishdeveloped the modern form of the period table of elements based on their atomic numbersSir Robert Watson-Watt1892-1973 Scottishdeveloped radarSatyendra Bose1894-1974 Indianworked out statistical method of handling bosons (a group of particles named in his honor)
Mot type 1 weight per cubic meter?
0.5tonne
What kind of stone is Uranium Unnigwadium?
I suppose that you think at Ruthefordium (former unnilquadium) an artificial, radioactive chemical element. Not a stone, mot uranium.
What does 16 mot mean?
mot Noun, masculine (a) wordso 16 mot means sixteen words.
What does MOT stand for?
MOT stands for MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT.
What mot stand for?
MOT stands for MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT.
What is the definition of a mot stock?
A stock MOT is typically a term that describes an MOT that is standard. A stock MOT may include replacing or cleaning filters and spark plugs. In addition to this an oil change may be included as a stock MOT.
Is AB the most common human blood type?
No, O+ is the mot common, AB is quite rare.
What is a health mot?
a healh mot is for blob who likes jam
When was Mot Dag created?
Mot Dag was created in 1921.
When did Mot Dag end?
Mot Dag ended in 1936.
When was Andoria-Mot created?
Andoria-Mot was created in 1945.
When was MOT - gallery - created?
MOT - gallery - was created in 2002.
