The standard designations of stars within a constellation is a Greek letter followed by the Latin name of the constellation. This is called the "Bayer designation".
In general - but not in EVERY case - the stars were lettered in order by brightness. Please remember that this was done a few hundred years ago, before the invention of detailed electronic instruments. And over the centuries, in a few cases the stars themselves have varied in brightness. For example, in the constellation of Orion, the star Betelgeuse is "Alpha Orionis", even though it is the SECOND-brightest star in Orion.
Why the discrepancy? A couple of reasons, perhaps. Rigel, the brightest star in Orion, isn't all THAT much brighter; both are "first magnitude" stars. Second, Betelgeuse is known to be a variable star, and 300 years ago we believe that Betelgeuse was actually brighter than Rigel is.
The alpha star is the brightest star in a constellation. This is because "alpha" is first in the Greek alphabet, so beta (the second) is the second brightest star. One example is the Centaurus constellation, alpha centauri, the brightest star, then beta centauri and so on.
Generally, true, but there are rare exceptions. For example, Betelgeuse is "Alpha Orionis" while Rigel, generally brighter then Betelgeuse, is "Beta Orionis". Betelgeuse is a somewhat variable star, and when the Bayer designations were assigned, Betelgeuse was the brighter star.
Within a constellation, the stars are tagged with Greek letters in the order of their brightness. The "alpha" is the brightest star in that constellation.
Note: The "constellations" aren't only the familiar stick-figures in the sky any more. Nowadays the astronomical catalogs have split the sky up into regions, just like the nations on a map. The regions generally are named for the ancient constellation contained in that region.
Its color is white, perhaps slightly bluish. Its spectral type has the letter A. It is Greek letter alpha in its constellation.
Alpha Centauri, although it appears to the naked eye as a single star, is a binary pair. Together they are designated Alpha Centauri AB, the more massive and luminous in the pair designated Alpha Centauri A, the less massive and luminous Alpha Centauri B. Together, this pair is the third brightest "star" in the night sky. There is a third star probably interacting gravitationally with the pair, Proxima Centauri, also designated Alpha Centauri C, a red dwarf which is not visible to the naked eye but is the next closest star to our Sun. Alpha Centauri B has about 90% of the mass of our Sun and is about 45% as bright. Note that Alpha Centauri B is not the "second" star (second brightest) in the constellation Centaurus: that is Beta Centauri, which is itself a trinary star system.
Stars usually don't have "trails". If you see a "shooting star", that is not really a star, but a piece of dust that happens to fall into the atmosphere. It is also possible that you confuse this with pictures you saw of comets.
"Alpha Centauri", or "Toliman", is not a single star - it's a system of three stars.
Beetlejuice, actually spelled Betelgeuse, is located on the constellation Orion's right (our left) shoulder. It is hard to miss if you can find Orion, because it is the brightest star on the constellation.
the brightest star in a constellation is called the alpha star
Menkar (Alpha Ceti) is the alpha star in Cetus.
Beta Cancri is the brightest star in the constellation Cancer. Its common name is Altarf.
There is no star that is simply called "Alpha". There are several that have "alpha" in their name, for example Alpha Centauri, Alpha Cruxis, Alpha Canis Majoris, etc. - usually the brightest star in each constellation. Some stars such as Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis) are not actually the brightest star in the constellation.
Alpha Centauri is the brightest star in the Centaurus constellation, the "Centaur".
The star Regulus, or Alpha Leonis, can be found in the constellation of Leo. It is the brightest star in the constellation.
The brightest star is The Persian (alpha alpha), with magnitude 3.11
It's in the constellation of Taurus, the brightest star in that constellation.
As the name implies, Alpha Centauri is the brightest star in the constellation Centaurus, the Centaur.
Alpha Arietis (Hamal) is the brightest star in Aries. Beta Arietis (Sheratan) is the blue-white beta star of the constellation Aries.
The Brightest star in the Lynx constellation is the Alpha Lyncis, With a magnitude of 3.2
There is no "star alpha". Alpha is PART of the name of many stars - basically one for each constellation.