The Earth itself, and large storm patterns.
Despite what some people claim, it is not possible to see the Great Wall of China from the Moon. The astronauts who have been there have said it was often difficult to make out entire continents. Even in the shuttle, it's essentially impossible to see the Great Wall which is a) only a few meters wide b) constructed mostly of the same kind of rock as the ground it's standing on and therefore much the same color and c) closely follows the terrain of the land. Structures with long straight lines, like parts of the US interstate system, fare rather better as far as visibility goes.
For people who have been told this by a teacher or something... sorry, your teacher was wrong. To help convince you, I'm adding some related links with quotes by people who are definitely in a position to know.
Yes, the Earth is visible from the moon
The new moon is visible once a month when the moon is blocked by the Earth's shadow
new moon
New Moon
The New Moon is when the lit side of the moon is facing away from Earth, and only the dark side is visible.
Yes, the Earth is visible from the moon
The new moon is visible once a month when the moon is blocked by the Earth's shadow
new moon
new moon
new moon
New Moon
The New Moon is when the lit side of the moon is facing away from Earth, and only the dark side is visible.
The New Moon is when the lit side of the moon is facing away from Earth, and only the dark side is visible.
Full Moon
Yes, but not on the dark side of the moon
New Moon Phase
New Moon Phase