High-volatile coal, in contrast, usually produces anywhere from 18 to 29 million BTUs per ton.
Volatile elements (hydrocarbons) increase the value, moisture takes up space, absorbs heat and lowers the value.
Answer 1Low-volatile bituminous is having highest heating capacity (33412 KJ/Kg). Answer 2Anthracite. Answer 3The anthracite coal heat capacity is 29000 KJ/Kg that is less than Low-volatile bituminous. See link below.
R. M Felder has written: 'Analysis of volatile products from the slow pyrolysis of coal' -- subject(s): Coal, Testing, Pyrolysis
To calculate the fixed carbon, the moisture, ash and volatile matter contents (express the weights in percent) are added together and this sum is subtracted from 100 percent. Fixed Carbon = 100% - % (moisture) -% (ash) - % (volatile matter)
Low- and medium-volatility grade bituminous coal typically generates between 26 and 30 million BTUs per ton.
fixed carbon is carbon content of the coal/biomass which is not easily decomposed or combusted at lower temperatures(>200 c), and total carbon content of coal/biomass is volatile carbon present in form of other hydrocarbons forms like volatile organic compounds, etc.. which easily combusted at little higher temperatures (>50 c)
Benzene is a colorless volatile liquid hydrocarbon. It is present in coal tar and petroleum during chemical synthesis. It is flammable and has a sweet smell.
Coke, often made from bituminous coal refuse, is formed from burning off volatile components. That leaves solid fuel that burns longer and hotter than coal.Anthracite (hard) coal burns the hottest and cleanest, but this coal is in shorter supply because it takes longest to form.Bituminous (soft) coal has variable amounts of volatile components (low, medium, high) and burns 'dirty'. But it provides long, fairly even burning.Factories could and did use bituminous coal. But burning coal refuse to make coal rescued the coal while getting rid of gunk and impurities. Steel mills, which needed high, even, and longer-lasting burns for steel production, required coke.For coal companies, mining and processing of "coal and coke" increased revenues from all grades of coal. At one point, Fayette County and Washington County both in SW Pennsylvania were dotted with "beehive" coke ovens used to burn off coal's impurities.
Smelting is primarily a process of firing an ore to extract the metal from it. Coal doesn't really have any metal in it; carbon is a non-metal. There's nothing to smelt. The process of smelting coal isn't something one would consider. Coal can be burned to create heat. It can be heated to recover coal gas, the volatile compounds that are in the coal but can be extracted (driven off) by heating in an atmosphere without oxygen.
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RAM is a volatile Memory. But ROM is not volatile.