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Transition metals
The easiest way to determine the valency of an atom is to locate its place on the periodic table. Generally, it is useful to remember that metals tend to give away valence electrons where non metal atoms tend to obtain them. For example, sodium, a metal, is in group 1 has valency of 1. Sulfur, a non metal, is in group 16 and is 2 electrons away from its stable electron configuration, hence it has valency of 2.
Elements from Group 3 to 12 are called Transition Elements. These elements are heavy metals. They lie between the strongly eloctropositive elements to their right and the electronegative elements ( non-metals) to their left.These metals mainly have 2 valence electronswith the metallic character decreasing from left to right of their period.
-3 to metals and hydrogen (phophide) +3 in oxo-compounds (phosphite) +5 in oxo-compounds (phosphate)
Group number 1 = Valency 1+group number 2 = valency 2+group number 3 = valency 3+group number 4 = valency 4+ and 4- (some cases) group number 5 = valency 3-group number 6 = valency 2-group number 7 = valency 1-group number 8 = valency 0For the transition elements they will either state Copper (III) Sulphate or it will be like Cu2(SO4)3You can find the valency by the base of sulphate and you know its positive because metals are always positive and are written in the left.Source: I am a GCE O Level Sciences Student (O2)
Zinc (Zn) does not have variable valency
Manganese is a transition element and has a variable valency but generally has a valency of 2 and exists as Mn2+
S = +6 valency O = -2 valency
Halogens are not like metals. Halogens are elements missing one electron for full valency.
Transition metals
The easiest way to determine the valency of an atom is to locate its place on the periodic table. Generally, it is useful to remember that metals tend to give away valence electrons where non metal atoms tend to obtain them. For example, sodium, a metal, is in group 1 has valency of 1. Sulfur, a non metal, is in group 16 and is 2 electrons away from its stable electron configuration, hence it has valency of 2.
Both are transition metals and have a valency of 2.
Many metals, non-metals and semi-metals have variable valency= Eg= Metals = Iron(2,3) Manganese(2,4) Copper(1,2) Non-Metal = Sulfur(4,6) Carbon(2,4) Phosphorus(3,5) Semi-Metal= Silicon(2,4) Arsenic(3,5) Germanium(2,4)
Elements from Group 3 to 12 are called Transition Elements. These elements are heavy metals. They lie between the strongly eloctropositive elements to their right and the electronegative elements ( non-metals) to their left.These metals mainly have 2 valence electronswith the metallic character decreasing from left to right of their period.
Generally non-metals gain electrons and form anions.
Alkali metals have one electron in their valency shell whereas halogens have seven. By losing al electron to a halogen, both ions get a full set of electrons in their valency shell.
-3 to metals and hydrogen (phophide) +3 in oxo-compounds (phosphite) +5 in oxo-compounds (phosphate)