The curve that currently contains most stars on the HR diagram is called the "main sequence". It consists of those stars that fuse hydrogen-1, converting it into helium-4.
The Hertzsprung Russell diagram plots each star as a point on the diagram, with absolute magnitude along the vertical scale and surface temperature along the horizontal scale.
The main sequence - the region across the middle of the diagram.
Absolute magnitude and surface temperature
An HR (Hertzsprung-Russell) diagram illustrates two primary characteristics of stars: their luminosity (or absolute brightness) and their temperature (or spectral class). The diagram typically plots stellar temperature on the horizontal axis, increasing from right to left, while luminosity is shown on the vertical axis, increasing upward. This allows for the classification of stars into different groups, such as main sequence stars, giants, and white dwarfs, based on their evolutionary stages.
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They are defined by their absolute magnitude and surface temperature.
Stars can be classified by age based on their position in the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram. Young stars are typically located in the upper left part of the diagram (O and B type stars), while middle-aged stars like our Sun are in the middle (G type stars). Older stars are found in the lower right part of the diagram (M type stars). By analyzing a star's characteristics like temperature, luminosity, and spectral type, astronomers can estimate its age.
It is a chart showing a scatter chart of stars according to their temperature and their luminosity (or absolute magnitude).
The great majority of stars are plotted along a diagonal band called the main sequence on an H-R diagram. This band represents stars that are fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores, where the varying luminosities and temperatures of stars are displayed.
The majority of stars in a Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram are located along the main sequence, which runs diagonally from the upper left (hot, luminous stars) to the lower right (cool, dim stars). This area contains about 90% of all stars, including our Sun. Stars on the main sequence are in a stable phase of hydrogen fusion in their cores. Other regions of the HR diagram, such as the giant and white dwarf areas, contain significantly fewer stars.
The HR diagram contains only stars - so everywhere.
As one moves from left to right along the horizontal axis of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, the temperature of the stars increases. This is because the diagram is organized such that hotter stars, which emit more energy, are positioned on the left side, while cooler stars are found on the right. As a result, the spectral classification and color of the stars change from blue and white (hotter) on the left to red (cooler) on the right.