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What kind of belt do you use to make a van de graaff generator?
Joehalabi
* Grey neoprene rubber (hard to find!) * Neoprene-covered cloth * Balloon rubber (use big balloons from a party store) * "Dynaband" exercize belt, made of rubber in various colors * Spandex cloth * "Dental Dam" latex rubber from dental suppliers, see the yellow pages. Certain other (ahem) specialty stores have dental dam rubber or even large latex sheets. Try McMaster-Carr #8611K11 Latex Sheet 0.006 inch thick. Try sporting goods stores for "Theraband" latex bandage. * "incontinence sheet", rubber bed sheet. Try a "surgical supply" store. * Cut up some disposable latex (thin brown rubber) gloves. Use cyanoacrylate (crazy glue) to make your belt. * Large rubber bands (or normal rubber bands, if your VDG is extremely small,) or other brown, gum-rubber sheets. * Glue: use rubber cement, or the strong glue which is supplied with bicycle tire-patch kits. Crazy glue is suppose to work too. * Yellow sign-tape from hardware stores, the kind that says "wet paint." The more impressive VDG will have yellow tape that reads "POLICE LINE" or "CRIME SCENE" ! (From Archie Mcphee, http://www.mcphee.com) * Polyethelene garbage bags, cut crosswise into belt-like strips * Urethane industrial belts. N. Simmons reports that these can be ordered in custom sizes from Pyramid, Inc., Newton, IA, phone 515-792-2405 Make sure they understand that you want NO kind of antistatic coating or additives in the belt material. * Another source is http://www.durabelt.com * People on the PHYS-L discussion list recommend spandex cloth, with the ends of the belt bonded with crazy glue. If you're building a VDG from scratch, take a look at my TRIBOELECTRIC SERIES page. This will give you hints about materials to try as the belt and the roller. A polyethelene roller used with a rubber belt is traditional, but I doubt it is the ultimate combination.
Rubber belts can be made from rubber strips glued end-to-end. Rubber cement will work OK. Much better is the glue used in innertube tire repair kits (bicycle shops have this.) Note that this glue has toxic fumes and probably shouldn't be used by kids except with adult supervision. I've heard that cyanoacrylate "crazy glue" works well, but have not tried it myself yet.
If you use a thick material, it helps to eliminate the glued lump: before gluing, "feather" the ends by filing or sanding the material into a taper. If done perfectly, a glued tapered joint will have no lump at all. Another hint: cut the ends of the strip diagonally, so the glue joint will be a diagonal stripe across your belt. Then instead of going "thump-thump-thump" over the rollers, the glue joint will make a smooth quiet sweep. I have it in my head to try freezing the rubber in dry ice w/alcohol, or liquid nitrogen, and then grinding with a belt sander, but I don't know if this will actually work.
Very thin belt material doesn't require feathering, but it's less sturdy. Belts made of thin balloon-rubber have a limited lifetime because the ozone and nitrides being generated by the corona-combs will attack the rubber chemically, making it brittle so it becomes full of holes.
If possible, avoid black rubber or brightly-colored rubber because sometimes the coloring makes the rubber conductive. To test for this, on a low-humidity day try rubbing your belt material on hair, fur, etc. Hairy arms do nicely. If it becomes charged and will attract the hair, the material is OK. If it will not charge up, either the material is conductive and the excess charge leaks away, or the air is too humid and your test is spoiled because *everything* is slightly conductive from the adsorbed surface water. How to test the air humidity? Try rubbing a balloon on your arm hair and check for attraction. If rubbing a balloon doesn't electrify its surface and make hair rise, the weather is too humid, so therefor you cannot easily test your belt material.
There are a couple of companies which sell VDG replacement belts for various classroom generators:
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What charge does a Van De Graaff have a positive or negative?
In order to explain this, we should consider its working. The Van De Graaff Generator has two metal comb one which is held near the end of belt known as emitter comb and another comb which is placed near the upper end of the belt known as collector comb.The emitter comb ,as it is given high positive potential with respect to earth ,the discharge of its action of its pointed ends set up as electric wind of positive charges.These positive charges are sprayed on the belt which carries them to the top .This make the shell of a Van De Graaff Generator positively charge. But keep this is mind : The charge on the shell depends on the charge on the belt.
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What charge does a Van De Graaff have a positive or negative?
In order to explain this, we should consider its working. The Van De Graaff Generator has two metal comb one which is held near the end of belt known as emitter comb and another comb which is placed near the upper end of the belt known as collector comb.The emitter comb ,as it is given high positive potential with respect to earth ,the discharge of its action of its pointed ends set up as electric wind of positive charges.These positive charges are sprayed on the belt which carries them to the top .This make the shell of a Van De Graaff Generator positively charge. But keep this is mind : The charge on the shell depends on the charge on the belt.
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