Data Link Layer
1. To perform the control of access to media. 2. It performs the unique addressing to stations directly connected to LAN. 3. Detection of error.
Used for error detection
* addressing * error detection * frame delimiting
In error detection we detect the error.but in error correction we can detect as well as coreect the error both.in error detection we use parity multiplication system i.e even and odd parity.and in error correction we use hamming code as a example.
1)Time taken to error correcting is less than doing detection and retransmission. Bandwidth use will be less. 2) In detection and retransmission if back messaging occurs the bandwidth will be more
Control systems are synchros which are used in error detection. They provide a voltage to be converted to torque through an amplifying method.
Error handling refers to the anticipation, detection, and resolution of programming, application, and communications errors.
1)Time taken to error correcting is less than doing detection and retransmission. Bandwidth use will be less. 2) In detection and retransmission if back messaging occurs the bandwidth will be more
Error in a binary stream or object can be detected using Error detection techniques. (usually called EDC, or error detection and correction)Errors can be detected in many ways, but they all involve adding some redundant data along with the original message. The process for calculation of these bits is repeated while checking, and if there is a match, the data is accepted, else it is rejected (which usually involves applying data correction, or request to resend the data)Type of error detection are :Block repetition : same data is repeated twice, and at the receiver's end, checked if they are exactly the sameParity bits : a single bit is added after the sequence of certain number of data bits, to make the data's parity even or odd, depending upon the selection made.Checksum : Mathematical formula involving all bits of the data is applied, obtained result is the redundant bit, which is added for detection. Receiver recalculates and then compares the data for detection.CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) : another mathematical formula where all bits are used.Hash functions : predetermined hash functions for calculating the error detection code
Detection of errors and retransmission of frames that are received in error.
Parity
CRC is used for this purpose. The control field is HEC (header error control).