There is no special machine that measures that directly. Astronomers have to observe objects known to be close to the black hole (most black holes observed are part of a binary or multiple system, simply because those are easier to detect), and use one of the usual methods used in astronomy to calculate distances.
The same as what affects the pull of other objects. The gravitational force between two objects depends on the mass of both objects, and on the distance between them.
I assume you mean our sun so that would be the center of our galaxy, approximately 50,000 - 55,000 light years.
Your "weight" is the magnitude of the gravitational force between you and another mass. -- In deep space, far from any other mass, the gravitational force between you and any other mass would be very small, but never zero. -- Near a back hole, the gravitational force between you and the black hole would be (gravitational constant) x (your mass) x (black hole's mass)/(your distance from the black hole)2
Not much. The closest (known) black hole is at a distance of about 3000 light-years.
1000 miles
This is impossible to answer with today's technology. Sorry
98.5 miles
notice how there are no black noted between e and f or between b and c, but all the other notes on a keyboard have a black note between them? The distance from E to F or from B to C is calles a semitone. Alle the other white notes have a black note between them and this distance is called a tone! glad i could help
a half step
250 miles/ 400 km.
The first attempts to enforce public health measures came about as the result of the black plague of the middle ages. The black plague resulted in the death of an estimated 200-million people between 1346 and 1353.
It is 278 miles according to Google Maps.
a distance between black sea and baltic sea
It is 105.54 miles according to MapQuest.
Use a black cash machine.
KKK
Distance between Skopje (Macedonia) and Black Sea Coastal town Bourgas (Bulgaria) is 384 miles