Because they have interlocking electrons as the different elements' electrons have been 'tangled'
In general, ionic compounds have high melting points due to the strong electrostatic forces holding the ions together in a lattice structure. This results in a significant amount of energy required to break these bonds, leading to high melting points.
Compounds such as diamond (carbon), silicon dioxide (silica), and sodium chloride (table salt) are brittle and have high melting points due to their strong covalent or ionic bonding, which makes it difficult for the layers of atoms to slide over each other.
Because they have interlocking electrons as the different elements' electrons have been 'tangled'
1)brittleness 2)high melting points 3)high boiling points
Compounds bonded by covalent bonds do not necessarily have low melting points. Some have whereas some don't have.Some polymers and hydrocarbons have very high melting points. But it can be said that they don't have melting points as high as ionic compounds. It is so because ionic bonds are stronger than the covalent bonds.
Electrovalent compounds have high melting and boiling points because they have strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the positively charged metal ions and negatively charged non-metal ions. These forces require a significant amount of energy to overcome, resulting in high melting and boiling points for these compounds.
The structure of a compound will dictate what intermolecular forces hold the molecules together. The stronger these forces, the higher will be the boiling point.
A compound with a high melting point is more likely to be ionic rather than covalent. Ionic compounds have strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions, resulting in high melting points. Covalent compounds typically have lower melting points because they are held together by weaker intermolecular forces.
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Ionic bonds require relatively high energies to be broken compared to the weaker hydrogen bond and van der Waals forces. Ionic compounds will thus have higher melting points than polar and organic compounds of similar molecular weight.
Melting points of covalent compounds are generally lower than those of ionic compounds. This is because covalent compounds have weaker intermolecular forces compared to the strong electrostatic forces present in ionic compounds, so they require less energy to break apart the molecules.
Ionic compounds are basically the combination of a metal and a non-metal. However, its high melting points and boiling points are part of the physical properties of ionic compounds, and high heat is usually required to break the bonds of ionic compounds. The ions which are held together by strong electrostatic force of attraction may results in high melting point and boiling point.