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What is an expansion joint in construction?
An "expansion joint" is a joint left in between sections of the same material, like concrete or steel, that allows movement as the material heats up or cools down. Without it, concrete, for example, can expand and crack in hot temperature.
Why do you use steel to make bridges?
Lets' look at this from a simplistic point of view. The predominant factors when dealing with a bridge is strength and weight. The strength of the bridge is how much load it can handle. The weight is how much the bridge weighs before loads (such as cars) are applied. The weight of the construction material must be included when considering the total strength of the bridge. For instance, if a bridges strength is 110 pounds, and the weight of material is 100 pounds, then you can only put 10 pounds on the bridge before failure. Bridges can be made from any material. Wood is commonly used on hiking trails, Composite (Plastics) have been used on some small bridges. However, the two most popular are Steel, and reinforced concrete (Reinforced Concrete has steel rods inside the concrete to increase the strength). The reason for this is because of the incredible strength of the steel or concrete per pound of material. This allows for a very strong structure that does not generate a lot of weight. This means that the load carrying capacity of the bridge is maximized. Furthermore, the structural design of a bridge allows for load shifting. This explains the grid pattern above, or below, some bridges, the big arch under some concrete bridges, or the characteristic look of suspension bridges.
When a concrete road is put down black asphalt stripes are placed between sections of the concrete to?
Prevent or reduce cracking of the concrete due to thermal expansion. Most materials expand when heated and contract when cooled. The strips are usually a fibrous material that allows the concrete expand and contract without breaking. Without those strips, random and irregular cracks would occur.
What is the benefits of knowing Young's Modulus for concrete?
Young's modulus describes the relationship between stress (sigma) and strain (epsilon) in a material that obeys Hooke's law. Concrete is such a material and knowing this property allows one to plan and design the use of concrete as a building material safely.
Why are the girders made of i shape?
It allows the girders to be lighter. If you took a solid piece of steel in a square shape and exposed it to stressed, you would discover that the stress in the metal is on the top face and the bottom face. The middle sections do not add to the structural strength of the beam, they simply add weight.
What are the effects of expansion and contraction in the design of bridges pavements and MRT lines?
- MRT and Railway tracksif a continuous track of metal is used, it will expand in hot weather and bent. trains running on bent tracks may be derailed. to prevent this, railway tracks are laid in sections with expansion gaps between them. A sliding joint between adjoining rails allows them to expand without bending.- bridgesboth concrete and steel bridges are built with allowance for expansion and contraction due to changes in the surrounding temperatures. Rollers and sliding joints allow for the movements of the bridges as it expands and contracts
Why are triangles a good shape for bridges?
Triangles are an ideal shape for bridges because they provide structural stability and distribute weight evenly. The triangular configuration allows forces to be transmitted efficiently through the structure, minimizing deformation and ensuring strength. This geometric shape helps prevent buckling and allows bridges to span longer distances with less material, making them more economical and durable. Overall, triangles enhance both the safety and longevity of bridge designs.
What is a paper joint in concrete?
A paper joint in concrete is a type of control joint that is created by placing a strip of paper or other compressible material in the concrete before it hardens. This helps to control cracking caused by shrinkage and movement within the concrete slab. The paper joint allows the slab to crack along a predetermined line, reducing the chances of random cracking.
What are cast in place concrete piers?
Cast in place concrete piers are structural elements created by pouring concrete into excavated holes or forms at a construction site. They are designed to support loads from above, such as buildings or bridges, by transferring weight to deeper, more stable soil or bedrock. This method allows for greater flexibility in design and can be used in various soil conditions. Once the concrete cures, the piers provide a strong, durable foundation that resists settlement and shifting.
Why does concrete have a higher heat capacity than sand?
Concrete is a composite material made of cement, sand, and gravel. The presence of cement in concrete gives it a higher heat capacity compared to sand alone because cement has a higher specific heat capacity than sand. This allows concrete to absorb and retain more heat energy before its temperature changes significantly.
The ---- allows material to pass in and out of the cell?
the plasma membrane allows certain material to pass in and out.
What is the purpose of using concrete deep beam?
Concrete deep beams are used in structural engineering to support heavy loads over long spans while minimizing deflection and maximizing strength. Their design allows for efficient load distribution, particularly in situations where traditional beams would be too deep or heavy. Deep beams are often employed in bridges, foundations, and high-rise buildings, where they help to enhance stability and reduce material usage. Additionally, they can accommodate architectural features without compromising structural integrity.
