it is generally the accumulation of nutrients leached from the top soil and also few amount of organic matter
soil horizons determine the age of the soil
The O horizon, also known as the organic horizon, is composed of organic materials such as decomposing plant litter (leaves, twigs), animal remains, and living organisms like insects and microorganisms. It is the topmost layer of the soil profile and plays a critical role in nutrient cycling and soil fertility.
it is generally the accumulation of nutrients leached from the top soil and also few amount of organic matter
The A horizon is the top layer of soil in a soil profile. It is primarily composed of mineral particles, organic matter, roots, and microorganisms. This layer is usually darker in color due to the high concentration of organic matter.
Horizon C
The soil horizon that is made up of partially broken bedrock is known as the C horizon. It is located directly beneath the B horizon and consists of weathered rock fragments intermingled with some organic material.
The A horizon, or topsoil, is typically composed of a mixture of mineral particles (sand, silt, clay), organic matter (humus), water, and air. The organic matter in this layer is a key component that influences soil fertility and overall soil health.
The top of the soil profile consists of the O horizon (organic layer) followed by the A horizon (topsoil). The O horizon contains organic matter like leaf litter and decomposing plant material, while the A horizon is rich in minerals, nutrients, and organic material which supports plant growth.
the "O" horizon
The O horizon, also known as the organic horizon, contains the most organic material. It is made up of decomposing organic matter like leaves, plant debris, and other organic materials.
The C horizon in soil is typically composed of partially weathered parent material, such as bedrock or unconsolidated sediment. It is the layer of soil closest to the bedrock and contains little to no organic matter.
The five soil horizons are O horizon (organic matter), A horizon (topsoil), E horizon (eluviated or leached layer), B horizon (subsoil), and C horizon (parent material). These horizons collectively make up the soil profile and influence soil characteristics and fertility.