ANSWER:
Don't forget Empress Maud (or Matilda depending on the book you are reading)
August 5, 1102 - September 10, 1167, disputed queen of England.
After Catherine the Great, the notable Empresses of Russia included her son, Paul I, who ruled briefly, followed by his son, Alexander I. The next significant female ruler was Empress Anna Ioannovna, who came to power earlier, in 1730, and ruled until 1740, and then Empress Elizabeth, who ruled from 1741 to 1762 before Catherine. After Catherine, there were no more reigning Empresses, as Russia transitioned back to male rulers, with Nicholas I and subsequent tsars.
The plural possessive form of "empresses" is "empresses'."
They were called empresses, and they did exist. They existed, however they did not have the power that emperors did. They did have a say, and their wishes did impact (depending on who ruled during the time, during the Han dynasty, empresses especially had a lot of power as well as eunuchs) decisions, however they typically were not "the deciders." They could often suggest things, and often it did affect decisions, however it was not necessarily always the final decision.
kings
Assuming you meant women, no. There were empresses, but they had less power than men and could lose it as soon as there was a male heir. Empresses could only be in power if there were no males left to claim the throne. In ancient China, women were not considered as capable as men.
The following were among the many queens and empresses who ruled as monarchs:Queen Ethelfleda of MerciaEmpress Irene, Byzantine EmpireQueen Margaret I, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and IcelandQueen Hedwig, PolandQueen Matilda of England (not crowned)Other queens were important even though they never ruled. Eleanor of Aquitaine comes to mind.There is a link below to the European section of a list of queens regnant.
In medieval Japan, women held significant political power, especially in the imperial court and among the samurai class, where they could influence decisions and rule as regents or empresses. Notable figures like Empress Jingu and the Hojo clan's female members exemplify this influence. In contrast, medieval Europe largely restricted women’s political roles, with few ruling as queens or regents, often only during the absence of male heirs. Overall, while women in both regions could attain power, their opportunities and societal roles varied considerably, with Japan providing more avenues for female political agency.
It was Catholic and the Pope was the head.
Feudalism.
Charlemagne
Liu Cong's later empresses died in 315.
Emperor and/or Empress.