Iraq.
The ancient regime is the Byzantine Empire (originally the Eastern Roman Empire).
Numerous important Ancient Civilizations developed in the Middle East. The most famous two were the Ancient Egyptians and the various Mesopotamian Civilizations (like the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, the Neo-Assyrians, and the Neo-Babylonians, etc.). There were also the Persian and Mede Empires, the Hittite and Lydian Anatolian civilizations, the Phoenicians, the Ancient Greek City States, the Israelites (divided between Israel and Judah), and the Arameans.
The Ancient Persian Empire originated in what is modern-day Iran.
The Dynastic Empire
Armenia is the CIS country that in ancient times was a large empire that extended into what is now Turkey and Iran.
Persia of course
Euphrates, ancient Mala
Armenia is the CIS country that in ancient times was a large empire that extended into what is now Turkey and Iran.
The Roman Empire except for the eastern part of the Persian Empire.
The Byzantines were a medieval people, not an ancient one. Byzantine Empire is a term which has been coined by historians to indicate the eastern part of the Roman Empire after the fall of the western part. The eastern part of the Roman Empire continued to exist for nearly 1,000 years after the fall of the western part of the Roman Empire. The people in question did not use this term. They called their empire Roman Empire or Romania (this referred to this empire and not the country which was later called Romania). The conventional dates for the Byzantine Empire are 476 to 1453. Your question is very broad. I guess that the two most important things for the Byzantines were their religion (Orthodox Christianity) and their emperor.
The main enemy of the Greeks is Persia.