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The original Peninsula campaign, as designed by Union General George B. McClellan was to land most of the Army of the Potomac at Urbanna, Virginia. This was a small town on the Chesapeake Bay shore of Virginia. This plan was discarded when Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston moved his army out of Manassas. His idea was to form a new defensive line behind the Rappahannock River, Confederate President Jefferson Davis agreed with Johnston that his army was far to extended and locating it 30 miles closer to Richmond, Virginia was a prudent move. This altered McClellan's plan to drive a wedge between Johnston and Richmond. Thus, a new plan needed to be developed.

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