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Considering that active transport is the movement of a solute across a biological membrane such that the movement is directed upward in a concentration gradient (i.e., against the gradient) and requires the expenditure of energy. Acrtive transport is an endergonic process that is often coupled to the hydrolisis of ATP. Three types of ATP hydrolizing, transmembrane proteins or "pumps" are known that actively transport cations: a) P-type ATPases, located mostly in plasma membranes; b) F-type ATPases (F1F0), located in mitochondria; and c) V-type ATPases, located in plant vacuolar membranes and acidic vesicle, such as animal lysosomes.


The most known active transport pumps are: (Na+-K+)-ATPase of plasma membrane, Ca2+-ATPase , and (H+-K+)-ATPase of gastric mucosa.


Finally, the most known ions that use active transport are Na+, K+, and Ca2+.

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