The process is called fusion; hydrogen nuclei are fused together to make helium. At much higher temperatures and pressures, the helium can fuse into carbon and nitrogen and oxygen.
Nuclear fusion reaction
The lighter elements have less protons and neutrons than heavier ones. It really is as simple as that
hydrogen
A supernova is a star that explodes. Stars about the size of our Sun explode when they run out of "fuel". The fuel they have is Hydrogen which they fuse into Helium and thus convert mass into energy (they shine brightly), Then the Helium and some Hydrogen are fused into heavier elements (Lithium etc) making more energy. All elements heavier than Carbon and lighter than Iron are made in the supernova explosion that comes at the end of the star's "life". Heavier stars will make even heavier elements. The Earth is mostly made of these heavier elements. We are all stardust.
Elements with atomic numbers 1-5 are lighter than carbon.
All of them. There are no elements lighter than hydrogen. It has only two atomic particles, and you cannot have an element with less.
Nuclear fusion reaction
The process in which lighter elements stick together to create heavier elements is known as fusion. This is the process that will be used in the synthesis of a heavier atomic nuclei.
The lighter elements have less protons and neutrons than heavier ones. It really is as simple as that
Heavier but safer. Look what happened to the Hindenburg:(
nucleosynthesis
For main sequence stars, the vast majority is hydrogen and helium. Older stars will exhaust these lighter elements near their cores and begin fusing heavier elements.
hydrogen
A star will use fusion to combine lighter atoms into heavier atoms. A main-sequence star (that's the majority of stars) will convert hydrogen-1 into helium-4, so in this case, hydrogen-1 is the fuel. Once it starts running out of hydrogen-1, it will start fusing the helium into heavier elements - in which case the main fuel will be the helium-4. Later in the life cycle of a star, the fuel can be even heavier elements.
A supernova is a star that explodes. Stars about the size of our Sun explode when they run out of "fuel". The fuel they have is Hydrogen which they fuse into Helium and thus convert mass into energy (they shine brightly), Then the Helium and some Hydrogen are fused into heavier elements (Lithium etc) making more energy. All elements heavier than Carbon and lighter than Iron are made in the supernova explosion that comes at the end of the star's "life". Heavier stars will make even heavier elements. The Earth is mostly made of these heavier elements. We are all stardust.
Elements with atomic numbers 1-5 are lighter than carbon.
Nuclear fusion. Lighter elements such as hydrogen atoms get fused to produce heavier elements such as helium. While doing so enormous heat is produced.