What organic compounds and cellular organelles are involved in protein synthesis?

Answer 1

Um, pretty much all the compounds involved in protein synthesis are organic.

All the biochemistry of protein synthesis is carbon-based.

So, I am going to assume that you are interested in how peptide or protein synthesis is done on the lab bench not in the cell. Is that right?

If you take amino acids and want to make a polymer of them, the process is:

1. First you need to protect the the carboxyl group on amino acid 2 from reacting by adding something to make an ester, like CH3OH/HCl

2.And, you need to protect the amino group on amino acid 1 from reacting by adding di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (a.k.a. Boc).

3. Mix the two protected amino acids in the presence of DCC (dicyclohexyldiimide). This reagent couples the carboxylic acid from amino acid 1 to the unprotected amine on amino acid 2 to make an amide.

4.Add aqueous NaOH to remove the the protecting group on the carboxyl terminus.

5. If you are done, you can add a weak acid to remove the BOC protecting group from the amino end. If not, keep it there and do another peptide addition.

Sources: Stipanuk, Biochemical and Physiological Aspects of Human Nutrition, Saunders.

McMurry, Organic CHemsitry, a Biological Approach.

Answer 2

amino acids are used to build protein molecules by ribosomes in cells.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

nucleic acids

Answer 4

DNA