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Flute, piccolo, bass flute, nose flute, etc.
resonator
In a stringed musical instrument, the part that vibrates in a resonance with the sound waves produced by the strings is called the sounding board.
First the strings then the rest of it amplifies it.
The eardrum
We just learned about this in science class. Air vibrates throughout the tube part and out the bell to produce sound waves.
Musical instruments have some part that vibrates at a regular frequency. This vibrating part makes the air around it vibrate and these vibrations make the sound waves. The part that vibrates is often a string or a reed or a drum-head or in the case of horns, the player's lips. The vibrations are amplified by a column of air or a sounding board or something else that resonates at the frequency produced by the original vibration.
The strings are the source for vibrations but the whole instrument vibrates to some extent when they are sounded.
musical instruments differ in the part of the instrument that vibrates and in the way that the vibrations are made
This is a matter of discussion. Your lips are used to set up a sinusoidal pressure wave in the trumpet, but nothing in the trumpet tubing vibrates to produce the sound. Modern testing shows that the pressure forms into "standing waves" which produce the sound when they hit the bell area where the standing waves are amplified to reproduce the pressure waves again.
No part of the ear actually amplifies sound, but the middle ear changes the nature of the waves from high amplitude to low amplitude but stronger waves to make the transition from air to liquid.
Nearly every part vibrates, or should vibrate depending on the quality of your instrument. The vibration passes from the string to the bridge to the face and then through to the sides and back of your instrument. Most of the sound you hear comes from the face and back of the instrument. That is why electric instruments such as electric violins and electric guitars are so quiet; their bodies are not designed to absorb the vibrations from the strings. struck, hit, scraped