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When any atom reacts with any other atom, it is the electrons which are involved. Eg, Sodium, as it is in group one, will seek to lose it's outer electron, and will hence become a Na+ ion.

If an atom of sodium were to bond ionically with a non-metal then it would transfer its outer electron to a non-metal, eg. NaCl is actually the result of sodium giving away its outer electron to a chlorine ion which accepted it, so that both ions now have full outer shells.

In metallic bonding, the sodium ions would be held together by the electrostatic forces of attraction between the positively charged Na ions and the negatively charged sea of delocalised electrons.

As sodium is a metal it does not bond covalently.

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Q: What parts of the atom are involved when sodium reacts with other elements?
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