The maximum fine is $5000, plus 6 months in prison. Most rightsholders prefer to settle out of court, typically for real damages.
Federal law.
Many types of willful infringement of copyright are felonies, under US copyright law. 18 USC § 2319 lists the penalties for various violations, including felonies and misdemeanor copyright crimes. These penalties are in addition to any civil damages or injunction for infringement, which may be claimed by a copyright owner through a lawsuit.
In Canada software is protected as a literary work under the Copyright Act of Canada. Copyright is acquired automatically when an original work is generated, the creator is not required to register or mark the work with the copyright symbol in order to be protected.
Penalties for copyright infringement vary from country to country; in the US, fines range from $750 to $30,000.
Fair use is an exemption to copyright law; using it carries no penalties.
A copyright sign tells you that that specific content is protected under United States copyright law. It acts as a warning and reminder that any unauthorized use of said content may result in penalties.
Penalties for copyright infringement vary by country, but generally consist of fees, which can be exorbitant. Penalties for plagiarism vary even more significantly, from institution to institution. Academic probation is a common response in colleges and universities, but in business it's not unheard-of to be fired for plagiarism.
In the US, up to five, although most penalties are in the form of fines.
Works in Canada are protected for the life of the author plus 50 years.
The penalties for vandalism in Canada is determined by the degree of damage done to the property willfully. The person could be required community service as well as compensating for the value loss of the property or jail time.
Generally, owners will settle for actual damages unless the infringement has been extremely damaging.
Government enacts laws (eg copyright laws). it is then the responsibility of the police to prosecute people who break these laws. It is therefore the responsibility of the creator of works to follow the copyright procedure for protecting these works as set out in law.