Not much. We hardly notice the changing distance from the Sun.
It takes Earth about 182.5 days to move from perihelion (closest point to the sun) to aphelion (farthest point from the sun) in its elliptical orbit.
Perihelion - Aphelion is when the Earth is furthest from the Sun.
The point on Earth's orbit when it is closest to the sun is called perihelion. At perihelion, Earth is approximately 147 million kilometers (91 million miles) away from the sun, compared to its farthest point, aphelion.
Earth's aphelion position occurs approximately six months after its perihelion position. Perihelion, when Earth is closest to the Sun, typically occurs around early January, while aphelion, when Earth is farthest from the Sun, usually takes place in early July. This timing is a result of Earth's elliptical orbit around the Sun.
The distance between Earth and the Sun during aphelion and perihelion affects the temperature on our planet because when Earth is at aphelion (farthest from the Sun), it receives less solar energy, leading to slightly cooler temperatures. Conversely, when Earth is at perihelion (closest to the Sun), it receives more solar energy, resulting in slightly warmer temperatures.
Earth's orbit is not perfectly circular. Even with the slightest eccentricity there will be times when an orbiting body is closer to the sun and times when it is farther away. The earth passes its perihelion during the first half of January and its aphelion during the first half of July.
Aphelion 152,098,232 km Perihelion 147,098,290 km
See related link for a pictorial.Where:AphelionPerihelionFocus
Jupiter is closest to Earth when it is at opposition, which is when it is directly opposite the sun in the sky. At opposition, Jupiter is at its largest and brightest, making it an ideal time to observe the planet.
No, the aphelion (farthest point from the Sun) and perihelion (closest point to the Sun) do not happen on the same days every year. The Earth's orbit around the Sun is elliptical, so the dates of aphelion and perihelion shift slightly from year to year.
At aphelion, Earth receives 6.9% less of the solar radiation than at perihelion. Aphelion happens around July 4, so this means slightly cooler summers for the Northern Hemisphere and slightly cooler winter for the Southern Hemisphere..
Nearest: "Perihelion", reached in January.Farthest: "Aphelion", reached in July.