mars
Take the length of the planet's orbit, divide it by the speed at which the planet is orbiting and VOILA! The "year."
Because it has the shortest year, as it is the closest planet ot the sun.
That depends on the time of the year - or even century. Of all the planets of the Solar System, Venus approaches closest to ours. Most of the time, either Mars or Venus are closest to Earth. On rare occasions, Mercury is closer than either Mars or Venus.
False, the speed it spins on it's axis determinds the length of day. The speed it rotates the sun determinds the length of it's year.
NGC 3079 is a galaxy, not a planet.
The time it takes for any given planet to make one complete revolution around its sun determines the length of its year.
The planet Mercury has a day that is almost the same length as its year. Mercury's rotation period is about 59 Earth days, which is very close to its orbital period around the Sun of about 88 Earth days. This means that one day on Mercury is almost as long as one year on Mercury.
As a general rule, the surface temp will go down and the length of the planet's "year" will increase the farther it is from the sun. There are exceptions, but that is the general rule.
Mercury, the closest planet to the sun, has an orbital period (year) equal to 88 Earth days.
The length of year on Mars is 686.98 Earth days or 1.88 Earth years.
On any planet, one year is defined by one orbit, or revolution, around its sun. One day is defined by the complete rotation spun around its own axis. The actual length of a year on a planet depends on how far it is from its sun, how much mass it has, and other variables. Since other planets' years, days, and time are different than ours, we measure them in Earth Years, Earth Days, or similar.
Typically, this length of time is called a "year". Each planet's year is a different length than that of the other planets and increases as the planet is further from the Sun.