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It has to do with the hair strands natural disulfide bonds being reduced and then re-oxidized after you have set hair in the desired curlers so that when the sulfide bonds reform they are in the shape that you want them to be.
Curly hair is the result of disulphide bonds between hairs. Some have more than others and it may vary with development. A permanent breaks these bonds and straightens hair.
It breaks the hydrogen and disulfide bonds (bonds in and between proteins chains of the hair) in order to get perfect perms.
The chemical formula in question is that of Lead (2+) Diacetate by IUPAC and ACD naming standards. Lead(II) Acetate [Pb(C2H3O2)2] is a poisonous, white, water soluble crystal that has uses in hair dyes, varnishes and dyeing of cotton. Lead acetate , a sweet tasting salt commonly known as sugar of lead, consists of polar covalent bonds within each acetate group - CH3COO, as well as ionic bonds between the lead and the two acetate groups.
When heat or chemicals are applied to the proteins in hair, the disulfide bonds of cysteine units are broken in the polypeptide structures of the hair proteins. The protein can then be straightened or curled, and then the disulfide bonds form again, locking the protein in that conformation.
Ionic hair dryers employ negatively charged ions that break down wet water into molecules and reduce them to a fraction of their size. The benefits of using an ionic hair dryer include that it works much better and it dries hair much faster.
Hair is made up of hydrogen bonds. These can only be broken or restructured by heat or moisture. If a person with curly hair uses a flat iron they are restructuring the curl pattern (the hydrogen bonds) in effect straightening their hair. Humidity will break down those hydrogen bonds again returning the hair to it's original curl pattern. This is why when a stylist sets a persons hair, they use heat to break down the hydrogen bonds but there is always a bit of cool hair at the end to "set" that new pattern.
The permanents are ionically bonded to the hair because the ionically bond is stronger. Which allows the permanents to stay permanent.
You cannot perm chemically straightened hair. When you relax the hair you split a lot of the bonds in the hair that give it it's shape. So if you want to perm it again there are not enough bonds there to work with. You have to wait until your hair grows out and you are left with your natural hair again.
Lye is sodium hydroxide, a very dangerous chemical used to break the hair's chemical bonds so you can reshape the hair the way you want.
The reducing agents in hair-straightening products break down the disulphide bonds in hair. This softens the hair and allows it to be pulled straight. Oxidizing agents then are applied to strengthen the hair again.
rusk ionic
Negative ions break down water molecules to a fraction of their size a lot faster than other technology. This way, the smaller molecules evaporate quicker and hair dries in less time. An example would be the Karmin G3 Salon Pro Professional Hair Dryer with ceramic ionic technology.
Ionic hair dryers can cost anywhere from $15-$100 depending on the quality and model of dryer you want. You can find ionic hair dryers at stores like Walmart and Target.
The ionic hair straightener is a device which emits negatively charged ions, which supposedly smooth the hair shaft and helps with shine. The difference between an ionic dryer and a regular one is very small.
Polypeptide bonds
S-SDisulphide bonds.