Prayers of petition, thanks, repentance, & praise.
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The book used during Mass is called the Roman Missal. It contains the prayers, readings, and rituals used during the celebration of the Eucharist.
The same reason non-Jews say prayers. Some are for thanks, some are for praising, and some are requests. There is no limit to the reasons for prayers.
a mass where prayers are sung
Intercessory prayers occur after the Creed and before the Offertory.
The lector reads from a book called the Lectionary which the priest also reads the gospel from. The book of prayers the priest reads from at the altar and chair is called the Roman Missal, or Sacramentary.
Yes prayers are used inpenance.
The Sacramentary
The Roman Catholic Missal is a book that contains all the prayers that are said during a Catholic Mass. The book may contain prayers and instructions for saying them during regular weekly Sunday Mass or for weekday Mass and Holiday Mass.
When you say mass is up to you. As long as you say your mass prayers, that's all that matters. The church is flexible with mass.
The Bible is used in Mass during the Liturgy of the Word. An Old Testament reading, some psalms, a New Testament reading and a Gospel reading all come from the Bible at this point of the mass. At other points in the mass there are references that come from the Bible, like at the consecration and some prayers.