vacuoles
Well it prevents polar molecules from passing through freely, giving the membrane its semi-permeable properties.
During osmosis, water molecules move through the cell membrane by passing through microscopic openings in the membrane. The openings are large enough for the water molecules to pass through.
active transport
Hydrophobic centre of the phospholipid bilayer prevents non-liquid soluble molecules from passing through.
Ions need to be facilitated through a cell membrane because they are passing through a phospholipid bilayer with a hydrophobic interior. Non polar molecules are also hydrophobic, so they can pass through the membrane easily if they are small enough. Ions are polar, so they have a hard time passing through membranes.
A nonpolar zone is formed in the interior portion of a cell membrane. This zone has the ability to prevent large molecules and ions from entering through the membrane.
Membrane permeability refers to the ability of molecules, substances, etc. to pass through the membrane. For example, the cell membrane is referred to as 'semi-permeable' because it allows some molecules (such as water) to enter, and stops other molecules (such as sodium ions) from passing through the membrane. If these want to get into the cell, they must then rely on proteins in the cell membrane to let them in.
Water diffuses by facilitated diffusion, passing through water permeable protein channels embedded in the cell membrane. Water molecules can not pass through the lipid bilayer because water is polar. However, polar molecules pass though the cell membrane through the protein channels. The proteins that aid water in passing through the cell membrane are called aquaporins. "Aqua" for water, and "porin" for pore. A "water pore" in essence.
Large, polar, uncharged molecules cannot pass through a membrane without the help of protein channels embedded into the plasma membrane. Ions also have difficulty passing; they need ATPs.
Molecules can not pass through the cell membrane, because endocytosis is important for those large molecules that can not pass through the cell membrane!!
large polar molecules cannot pass through the membrane. only nonpolar and small polar molecules can pass through, and they only go from high to low concentration or else they need assistance from active transport.
How do small molecules get through a cell membrane