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Pioneer species begin the process of succession.
Pioneer plants are usually present in an area where primary succession begins.
A grassy hillside. : NovaNet
a lava flow
A natural disturbance includes a lava flow, earthquake, or a forest fire. But human forces can also be disturbances, such as farms.
The accumulation of sediment.
Secoundary Succession
Pioneer species begin the process of succession.
Pioneer plants are usually present in an area where primary succession begins.
dingus
destructive hurricanedestructive hurricane
A grassy hillside. : NovaNet
a lava flow
it depends on what you mean by secondary succession. you mean taking it over? to replant or to cut again?
on a new rock created by a volcanic eruption
They are more likely to adapt to new ecological niches.
bacteria and fungi