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Global warming. Our weather is changed and this changes how we live and what we grow. The oceans are rising and coastal areas are flooding. The ice caps are melting and polar bears are drowning. The massive forest fires that now happen threatens cities, houses, and national parks. We are getting to a tipping point of no return if something is not done.

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Dominance index = 1-J where J is the evenness of relative diversity (H'/H max) where absolute evenness = 1. It is used to compare the dominance of the same species in different ecosystems.

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Humans and all other living organisms called biotic factors effect environment .

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In "Ecology" terms, individual has pretty much the basic regular meaning we use.

So Individual means, any single organism. Like the one on its own.Ecology is mostly related to study of group of organisms . If all individuals of a species in a given area are studied , it is called autecology .

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There is NO antonym for ecology!

but a synonym for it is environment

Actually, "Ecology" is from two Greek words meaning "house" and "the study of." In modern usage, ecology is broadly defined as "the study of the environment and life within it (ecosystems)," and more narrowly as "the study of relationships between various forms of life (between and within species and communities)."

First answerer was correct in saying there is no antonym, just as there is none for mathematics, or medicine, ... Perhaps inquiry was looking for opposite "ecological sustainability (popularly known as "green")" as in "wasteful use of resources?"

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Lichens are composed of algae and fungi and are considered best example of mutualism ..

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no, it leads to LESS because there is less fauna to absorb the water

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Food, water, sun, and oxygen

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By adhering to the laws of nature in balancing the ecosystem of that habitat.

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Phytoplankton (microalgae), seaweeds (macroalgae) and chemoautotrophic bacteria in order of declining importance.

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Only 10% of energy is moved from one trophic level to another in the biomass consumed. So, at the tertiary level there is only enough food energy to support a limited number of consumers.

As the number of trophic levels increases, you also have to be more adapted so you can become a predator of the trophic levels below you. If for example there was a species that were above humans, they would have to be smarter, quicker and more adapted - which gets progressively harder.

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The naturally occurring changes in the environment, e.g. bushfires, floods, volcanic fallout, which leave it unbalanced with respect to the type and quality of the feed they provide.

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Different species of Amoeba show different relationship e.g. Entamoeba histolitica & Entamoeba coli are parasitic . Amoeba patauxant is comensal on Hydra .

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It is when there are two organisms and one organism benefits from the relationship, the other sees no effect

e.g. remora and shark .

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Honey is considered 'renewable' because it is a natural product continually being produced by bees. As long as it is not over-exploited, the supply will continue without depleting or harming the ecosystem.

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Watershed well thats a shed that you keep water im dumby goddamn you guys

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Ecology is of utmost importance to all species including us. We, like all other animals depend on this earth for everything; food, water, shelter. Everything on this earth depends on something else but ecology is so dynamic that even the smallest perturbation can upset everything.

A good example is global warming. Many people think that 2 degrees over a decades is a small amount of time. NOTHING in Ecology is small, the repercussions are severe. Plants need a certain temperature to thrive, warming of the earth can upset this and also upset life and mating cycles. We depend on those animals to eat and certain animals also survive on those animals.

In addition, human interference with the ecology of certain places can also exacerbate the problem of natural disasters. When we log on mountainsides and hills, we destabilize soils and the topology of the landscape. Heavy rains which would originally cause some kind of erosion would now cause landslides that could engulf roads and cause hazards to villages or towns and people that live in those areas.

In addition, chapparal forests in California is a type of terrestrial biome. If we do not understand the fact that these trees will constantly be subjected to fires, then people will build luxurious houses in these areas (which they are already doing), and when wildfires rage through the area, they will want insurance and money to rebuild. The fact is, houses are not supposed to be built in those areas in the first place, and if they are, insurance companies should not be shelling out money to the rich and misinformed who choose to live in such a biome.

So you see, Ecology is important to us financially, aesthetically, and also for our simple survival on this planet. Hence, it should be taken with utmost importance not only for us but for our next generation.

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A gradation from one ecosystem to another when there is no sharp boundary between the two. It is the joint expression of associated community (coenocline) and complex environmental gradients.

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biotechnology

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It was not discovered it was an invention. Crops have been genetically modified by selective cross breeding since before the start of recorded history.

It is impossible to know who first attempted it.

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decomposer

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it is the Bactria that changes shape

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The North and South pole