A microcontoller contains the following components on a single chip :
1. processor (the CPU)
2. non-volatile memory for the program (ROM or flash)
3. volatile memory for input and output (RAM)
4. I/O control unit.
5. Timer
6. And other peripherals
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microcontrollers
Microcontrollers are small computers on integrated circuits that contain a processor core. They are used for automatically controlled products such as remote controls and office tools.
because easy
Due to many impressive features of microcontrollers, any engineering student likes to work on projects based on microcontrollers. So, on this page, we are going to publish a list of mini projects based on microcontrollers. These microcontroller based mini projects are very useful for the engineering students
8051 is an old microcontroller design. It has been updated and expanded into a family of microcontrollers manufactured by several companies. PIC is not a microcontroller, but is an extensive family of microcontrollers designed and manufactured by Microchip, Inc. Both are quite popular, and there are many other microcontrollers available.
IC stand for Integrated Circuit, so all microcontrollers is IC's but not all IC's is microcontrollers. There is millions of IC types with different porpoises some is microprocessors some is microcontrollers but most IC's has other functions like Oppamps, timers, logic gates, regulator ETC.
They are way more dpendable then points and condensors.
RTOS stands for Real Time Operating System. Typically these are multi-tasking operating systems used in applications where microcontrollers are used to monitor and control embedded systems (e.g. telecom products). Examples include VxWorks, RTLinux.
crystal oscilators mostrly of 11.05.... or 12MHz are used with microcontrollers,
Complex programmable logic device (CPLD) are programmable digital logic devices which are simpler and lesser capacity than FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) devices. CPLDs have a non-volatile memory (i.e. turning off the power does not require reprogramming of CPLD) Microcontrollers (uP or MCU) are small and cost effective but self contained computer chips (compared to general purpose processor chips used in personal computers) used for embedded applications in industrial, consumer electronics products and automobiles. Microcontrollers may or may not have inbuilt memory. CPLDs are used for implementing logic but they do not have a embedded processor like in microcontrollers. - Neeraj Sharma
8051 Microcontrollers were popular computer chips used in Intel computers throughout the eighties and nineties. Though technology has advanced beyond their common use, they can still often be found in engineering schools as tools used in introductory microcontroller classes.
You don't and can't. Microcontrollers are integrated circuits and you buy them as you would any other component.