Projections that allow the cell to move or to move substances along the surface of the cell are called cilia and flagella. Flagella is a single long hair that allows the cell to swim. Cilia are several projections used for movement across the cell surface.
a surface wave
slide
it acts along the surface of liquid
A force-meter measures the force of an object pulled along a surface.
Because a ray that passes through the center of curvature falls perpendicular to the surface (along a normal to the surface), hence it is reflected along the same path.
Cilia
Hairlike projections that aid in the movement of substances along a cell's surface are called cilia
Along the small intestine are finger-like projections called villi which increase the surface area to allow the removal of fats/lipids by the lacteals of the lymphatic system. About equal to a tennis court.
cilia
cilia
They move substances along the surface of the cell.
Flagella, pseudopodia. cilia
The plasma membrane surrounding animal cells is where the exchange of substances inside and outside of cells takes place. Some substances need to move from the extracellular fluid outside cells to the inside of the cell, and some substances need to move from the inside of the cell to the extracellular fluid.Some of the proteins that are stuck in the plasma membrane help to form openings (channels) in the membrane. Through these channels, some substances such as hormones or ions are allowed to pass through. They either are "recognized" by a receptor (a protein molecule) within the cell membrane, or they attach to a carrier molecule, which is allowed through the channels. Because the plasma membrane is choosy about what substances can pass through it, it is said to be selectively permeable.
finger like projections in small intestine are called villi to increase surface area for absorption of food in small intestine.
This is to allow a larger surface area (for absorption etc) and to allow them to 'wave' unwanted products along (phloem in the oesophagus)
isn't the many folds in the the intestines along with the villi and microvilli all there to increase the surface area of the intestines? which would increase the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream or lymph vessels?
The cilia on their surface trap dust and microbes, then pass the trapped substances along with mucus to the throat, where they can then be swallowed. This then protects the lungs.