3/5 compromise
Reformers for the progressive era sought to reduce corruption in government by adopting a constitutional amendment that provided for a law that could prosecute corrupt labor unions.
McNarvy-Haugen Bill
You can get medical coverage provided your not-yet married spouse mentions your name in the proposal form for medical coverage from private/government insurer.
The first act of delegates' first actions at the constitutional convention was provided for the oath.
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In the US, the Articles of Confederation provided the first framework for a national government.
Federal government and state government
No why would it have to be provided by them?
The same way the founding fathers designed our government; open grand juries where "anyone can appear" before it and "the grand jury can take its information from any source" - this would mean a simple move to indict the person for treason. And if the government refused to act on the indictment (or provided itself with absolute immunity), we could overthrow the government by force of arms (2nd amendment & constitutional commentaries section 379).
Call of Duty
Plessy v. Ferguson
The Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson is what provided constitutional justification for segregation. Segregation in public schools was outlawed in another Supreme Court ruling in 1954.