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The discovery of the replication mechanism of DNA answered how genetic information is faithfully copied from one generation to the next. It explained how new cells are able to receive an identical set of genetic instructions, allowing for growth, development, and the passing of traits from parent to offspring.
The experiments that elucidated the correct mechanism of DNA replication were performed by molecular biologist James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. Their discovery of the double-helix structure of DNA laid the foundation for understanding how DNA replicates.
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During DNA replication, the enzyme helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two strands of DNA, allowing the strands to separate and be copied.
DNA replication involves the synthesis of a new DNA strand using the existing DNA as a template, while RNA replication involves the synthesis of RNA using DNA as a template. DNA replication is highly accurate due to proofreading mechanisms, while RNA replication is less accurate. Additionally, DNA replication occurs in the nucleus, while RNA replication can occur in the nucleus or cytoplasm.
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During DNA replication, the enzyme helicase unwinds the double helix structure of DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs, separating the two strands.
A replication bubble is a region in DNA where the double helix is unwound and separated during the process of DNA replication. It forms as the replication machinery moves along the DNA, creating two single-stranded templates for new complementary strands to be synthesized. The bubble expands as replication progresses, and multiple replication bubbles can exist simultaneously on a single DNA molecule to expedite the replication process. This mechanism is essential for accurately duplicating genetic information before cell division.
No conjugation is just the formation of conjucation tube for the transfer of replicating DNA molecule
DNA replication begins in areas of DNA molecules are called origins of replication.
DNA ligase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the process of DNA replication and repair by joining together the ends of DNA strands. It forms a bond between the sugar-phosphate backbone of adjacent DNA fragments, sealing any breaks or gaps in the DNA molecule. This helps to ensure the integrity and stability of the DNA molecule during replication and repair processes.
The complementary relationship between the sequences of nucleotides lead to the discovery of DNA replication. After discovery of this relationship it became easier to understand how the bases of nucleotides pair up during replication and so they became easier to duplicate.