Betelgeuse has about 140,000 times the luminosity of our sun or about 5.37×1031 watts.
Proxima Centauri has an insignificant luminosity to Betelgeuse. Although it is the closest known star(4.2 light-years) to our Sun, it is virtually impossible to see because it is so dim. Betelgeuse, on the other hand, is a lot farther (640 light-years). Yet, it is one of the brightest stars in our night sky. This is because Betelgeuse has an extremely high luminosity.
They do not necessarily have greater luminosity, it depends on their size. Betelgeuse is cooler and brighter; a red dwarf is cooler and less bright.
The simple answer is by looking at them.The technical answer is by analysing their bolometric luminosity with a bolometer.
It isn't the brightest star - at least, usually Rigel is brighter. However, Betelgeuse is variable, and can sometimes be brighter than Rigel. Wikipedia lists its luminosity as 105,000 times the luminosity of our Sun; and the distance, as 640 light years. Assuming these numbers, this would make it as bright as a star that is 10.5 times as bright as our Sun, at a distance of only 6.4 light years. In other words, the extreme luminosity compensates for its distance.
Betelgeuse, part of Orion, the Hunter shines with 60 000 times the Sun's luminosity.
The red giants like Betelgeuse and Antares are bright and - relatively - cool.
The red giants like Betelgeuse and Antares are bright and - relatively - cool.
The red giants like Betelgeuse and Antares are bright and - relatively - cool.
Any of various very large bright stars, such as Betelgeuse, having a luminosity that is thousands of times greater than that of our sun.
Brightness is a function of a stars luminosity as observed from Earth. So our Sun is the brightest. Vega has an apparent magnitude of: 0.03 Betelgeuse has an apparent magnitude of 0.42 So, in apparent magnitude, Vega is brighter.
Betelgeuse boasts the diameter greater than the orbit of Jupiter. It has a mass of around 20 times the mass of the Sun, and its luminosity is almost 200,000 times greater than the Sun. So really, it is one of the biggest and brightest stars ever observed.