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What is the theory behind requiring bond issuers to charge bond discounts to interest expense when the discount is amortized?
When a bond matures the issuer has to pay the investor the full face value of the bond. The bond will also have a stated interest rate. If an investor will only accept a rate of interest which is higher than the stated interest rate, the issuer will likely sell the bond for less than the present value of the face value of the bond. For example, If a $100,000 bond is issued with a $4,000 discount to meet the buyers desired return, the issuer will have to pay the investor the $96,000 ($100,000-$96,000) the issuer received plus the $4,000 discount upon maturity. Since the issuer has to pay out that $4,000, upon maturity, to secure $96,000 the $4,000 discount is recognized by the issuer as interest expense (over the life of the bond).
What do you call annual interest the issuer promises to pay on the face value bond?
The coupon rate.
What is the interest rate the bond issuer pays to the bondholder called?
The interest rate paid on a bond is known as the coupon rate. A $1,000 fixed rate bond with a 5% coupon rate purchased at par would yield $50 annually in interest payments.
How does corporate bond ratings work?
The leading rating agencies give a rating when a bond is first issued, and that rating determines how high the interest rate on that bond is. A higher rating means the bond will have a lower interest rate.
Who determines the rate of interest paid on a bond?
Bonds have a predetermined rate of interest called the stated or contract rate, which is established by the board of directors.
What is coupon rate?
Coupon rate is simply just the annual coupon payments paid by the issuer relative to the bond's face or par value.Coupon rate can be calculated by dividing the sum of the security's annual coupon payments and dividing them by the bond's par value. For example, a bond which was issued with a face value of $1000 that pays a $25 coupon semi-annually would have a coupon rate of 5%.Source: investopedia
When bonds are issued at a premium what is the affect on interest?
Bonds issued at a premium offer an interest rate that is above the market interest rate. Typically, a bond issuer offers a premium interest rate to offset higher risk associated with a bond offering that has a low credit rating. A purchaser of a bond offered at a premium will receive a higher interest rate but will incur a higher degree of credit risk.
Will the bond proceeds always be less than the face amount of the bonds when the contract rate is greater than the market rate of interest?
Yes, when the contract rate is lower than the market rate you have to take less money for people to be willing to accept the lower rate.
What are plain vanilla bonds?
A borrower (typically a company) will issue a bond in return for a loan. The bond is the finanicail instrument whereby the issuer promises to repay the loan (the bond face value amount) by a certain date. The bond instrument will state the applicable terms and conditions including the date for repayment and the interest rate. A vanilla bond will be a simple repayment plus interest instrument.
What is the risk of a municipal bond?
---- Depending on the number of days to call (or maturity), coupon rate, and price paid, any bond will have a different yield to worst (the lower of the yield to maturity or yield to call). If you decide to hold the bond to the potential call date or maturity date, the only risk assumed will be the risk of the issuer's default or coupon reset. This risk is qualified by rating agencies, such as Standard & Poor's, with bond ratings like AAA or BB, etc. AAA municipal bonds are commonly insured against the issuer's default. If you want to sell a municipal bond before the maturity or call date, you additionally bear the market risk of price fluctuations. These fluctuations will be mainly due to expectations about future interest rate changes in the market (e.g., Fed Fund Rate by FOMC).
What is market rate of bond?
Market rate of bond is that rate at which that bond will be sale in market and it is different from face value of bond as well as book value of bond.
What is the relationship between coupon rate and bond price?
The Bond price is the amount of the bond when it becomes mature. The coupon rate is the amount of interest payable on the bond.Bonds have three major componentsThe first is the face value (also called par value). This is the value of the bond as given on the certificate or instrument. This is the value the bond holder will receive at maturity unless the issuer defaults. If bonds are retired before maturity, bond holders may receive a slight premium over face value. Investors pay par when they buy the bond at its original face value. The price investors pay may be more or less than the face value.Bonds also have a coupon rate. This is the annual rate of interest payable on the bond. For the owner of a bond, the higher the coupon rate, the higher the interest payments the owner receives. The rate is set at the time the bond is issued and generally does not change. Most bonds make interest payments semiannually, although some bonds are offered with monthly and quarterly payments.Did you know?Until 1983, all bond owners received an actual paper bond certificate.This inspired bond terminology. The loan amount appeared prominently on the face of the bond. Bonds included coupons that the owner detached, onePrice and interest rate on a bond are inversely related, if the bond price is low, rate will be high, if the bond price is high, interest rate will be lower.
