Steps of the Calvin Cycle:
(1) The enzyme RuBisCO catalyses the carboxylation of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, a 5 carbon compound, by carbon dioxide (a total of 6 carbons) in a two-step reaction. The initial product of the reaction is a six-carbon intermediate so unstable that it immediately splits in half, forming two molecules of glycerate 3-phosphate, a 3-carbon compound. (also: 3-phosphoglycerate, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, 3PGA)
(2) The enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase catalyses the phosphorylation of 3PGA by ATP (which was produced in the light-dependent stage). 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate) and ADP are the products. (However, note that two PGAs are produced for every CO2 that enters the cycle, so this step utilizes 2ATP per CO2 fixed.
(3) The enzyme G3P dehydrogenase catalyses the reduction of 1,3BPGA by NADPH (which is another product of the light-dependent stage). Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (also G3P, GP, TP, PGAL) is produced, and the NADPH itself was oxidized and becomes NADP+. Again, two NADPH are utilized per CO2 fixed.
(Simplified versions of the Calvin cycle integrate the remaining steps, except for the last one, into one general step - the regeneration of RuBP - also, one G3P would exit here.)
(4) Triose phosphate isomerase converts some G3P reversibly into dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), also a 3-carbon molecule.
(5) Aldolase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase convert a G3P and a DHAP into fructose-6-phosphate (6C). A phosphate ion is lost into solution.
(6) Then fixation of another CO2 generates two more G3P.
(7) F6P has two carbons removed by transketolase, giving erythrose-4-phosphate. The two carbons on transketolase are added to a G3P, giving the ketose xylulose-5-phosphate (Xu5P).
(8) E4P and a DHAP (formed from one of the G3P from the second CO2 fixation) are converted into sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphate (7C) by aldolase enzyme.
(9) Sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (one of only three enzymes of the Calvin cycle which are unique to plants) cleaves sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphate into sedoheptulose-7-phosphate, releasing an inorganic phosphate ion into solution.
(10) Fixation of a third CO2 generates two more G3P. The ketose S7P has two carbons removed by transketolase, giving ribose-5-phosphate (R5P), and the two carbons remaining on transketolase are transferred to one of the G3P, giving another Xu5P. This leaves one G3P as the product of fixation of 3 CO2, with generation of three pentoses which can be converted to Ru5P.
(11) R5P is converted into ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru5P, RuP) by phosphopentose isomerase. Xu5P is converted into RuP by phosphopentose epimerase.
(12) Finally, phosphoribulokinase (another plant unique enzyme of the pathway) phosphorylates RuP into RuBP, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, completing the Calvin cycle. This requires the input of one ATP.
SHORTER ANSWER : The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH from the light-depenedent reactions to produce high-energy sugars.
The two major sets of reactions involved in photosynthesis are the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle). In the light-dependent reactions, light energy is used to produce ATP and NADPH, while in the Calvin cycle, ATP and NADPH are used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.
Calvin cycle or light independent reaction
because the Calvin cycle does not require light
The main processes in the in dependant reactions are collectively called the Calvin Cycle.
NADPH and ATP
In Canada
Light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are also known as the light reactions. These reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and involve the absorption of light energy to produce ATP and NADPH, which are used in the Calvin cycle to generate glucose. Oxygen is also produced as a byproduct of these reactions.
The dark reactions of photosynthesis are also known as the Calvin cycle or the light-independent reactions. These reactions take place in the stroma of chloroplasts and involve the conversion of carbon dioxide into glucose using ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent reactions.
The light reactions provide the energy carriers used in the Calvin cycle
Calvin cycle does not belong in this phrase as it is a part of the light-independent reactions (also known as the Calvin cycle), while the other two, light dependent reactions and chlorophyll, are related to the process of photosynthesis that occurs in the presence of light.
The light reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts, while the Calvin cycle (dark reactions) occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts. The light reactions capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH), which is used in the Calvin cycle to fix carbon dioxide and produce sugars.
Its the Calvin Cycle.