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papal efforts to unite western European rulers and nobles in support of the papacy.
Innocent III.
Answer: Avigon Why: King Philip ensured the election of a French Pope who moved the papacy to Avignon.
That depends on what you're asking, if you are just asking about the papacy, itself, it is the oldest surviving office in the world. The English kings trace their start back to the ninth century, the Japanese sovereign claims descent from the third century (although Japan claims that its monarchy goes back to the seventh century B.C.) Which would put the Papacy as the oldest, back to the first century.
That depends on what you're asking, if you are just asking about the papacy, itself, it is the oldest surviving office in the world. The English kings trace their start back to the ninth century, the Japanese sovereign claims descent from the third century (although Japan claims that its monarchy goes back to the seventh century B.C.) Which would put the Papacy as the oldest, back to the first century.
The only two examples in the Catholic Church are the Great Schism in the fourteenth century when there were two claimants to the papacy, and at one time, three. And earlier in the eleventh century when the Schism of the East occurred and the Eastern Orthodox Church split from the authority of the Pope. Some might include the protestant revolt, but as these people left the Church and did not retain valid Orders or Sacraments (saving baptism in some cases), it is not properly a schism.
In the fourteenth century, the authority and prestige of the papacy declined due to various factors such as the Avignon Papacy, also known as the Babylonian Captivity, where the popes resided in Avignon under the influence of the French monarchy, leading to a perception of corruption and political manipulation. The Great Schism further weakened papal authority, with multiple claimants to the papacy causing confusion and division among the faithful. Additionally, the Black Death and other crises of the time eroded confidence in the Church's ability to provide spiritual leadership.
Papacy is the correct answer.
No, the pope is the head of the papacy, the papacy is the government of the Roman Catholic Church.
266 popes have 'performed' the papacy.
Avignon Papacy was created in 1305.
Avignon Papacy ended in 1378.