Judaism. See these two links for more about the Torah and the Shabbat.
Shabbat shalom is a Jewish greeting which we say during the day of Shabbat. See also:More about the Jewish Shabbat
Neither. Kabbalat Shabbat is not part of Mincha orMaariv.
Judaism.
Judaism. It's a quote from Hillel in the Talmud (Shabbat 31a).
Yes, if Yom Kippur falls on Shabbat. However, during a regular Shabbat, fasting is a violation of celebrating the day. Instead, the Torah specifies that Jews are supposed to eat 3 delicious meals as part of celebrating Shabbat.
Judaism during the Shabbat and major festivals. On weekdays there are prayers but work is permitted.
They prepare their children for Shabbat and light the Shabbat candles.
its part of the commonwealth religion
"Shabbat Shalom!"
I think you mean a practicing Jew. It refers to a Jew who practices their religion by observing the laws of kashrut and shabbat, among others.
They're called Shabbat candles (Neirot Shabbat in Hebrew).