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Depending on the author, the Mexican Catholic Church was viewed as a co-conspirator of the coup d'etat against President Francisco Madero (who was killed by the General Victoriano Huerta in 1913, starting the second stage of the Mexican Revolution) or as an institution that worked outside of political events and even denounced Huerta's actions in the international press.

In any case, most of the revolutionaries (Carranza, Zapata, Villa, Obregon) were anti-cleric, because for more than 30 years, during president Porfirio Diaz dictatorial regime, the Catholic church became part of the conservative forces that led the country with an iron fist, at the expense of human rights.

This anti-clericalism became part of the core values of the revolution, and became part of the 1917 Constitution. It also triggered the reaction of several fundamentalist factions within the Catholic Church, resulting in the Cristero War (1926-1929) and some 250,000 dead. Note nowadays, Cristeros would be seen as the Catholic equivalent of the Taliban insurgency -- i.e. performing terrorist acts, and kidnapping and killing government agents, such as rural teachers in often grisly ways.

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Q: What role did the Catholic Church play in the Mexican Revolution?
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