Act 1 Scene 5
Romeo says this in Act 1, Scene 5 of William Shakespeare's play "Romeo and Juliet." He uses this metaphor to describe Juliet's beauty when he first sees her at the Capulet's party.
Romeo
"She doth lie upon the cheek of night like a rich jewel in an Ethiop's ear,"
She doth lie upon the cheek of night like a rich jewel in an Ethiop's ear.
To a rich jewel in an Ethiop's ear.
"She doth teach the torches to burn bright. It seems she hangs on the cheek of night like a rich jewel in an Ethiope's ear."
Romeo said this when he saw Juliet for the first time. An Ethiope was an Ethiopian, a person from Ethiopia. Ethiopians were and are dark skinned people, and Romeo compared Juliet to a bright jewel placed next to the cheek of a black-skinned person. In part, he was talking about how fair her skin was. She was extremely pale, and that was quite attractive back then. If she was so pale, she would contrast with the dark night. Also, the jewel against the dark skin would make the skin glow; Juliet's beauty shines out of the night and makes it bright.
"Oh, she doth teach the torches to burn bright!" "She hangs upon the cheek of night like a rich jewel in an Ethiop's ear." He likes her, don't you think?
This is one of the most beautiful similes from the play. He imagines Juliet shining out in the darkness (one of many times that the lovers compare each other to lights and particularly heavenly lights). First he uses the personification, "on the cheek of night" and then evokes an image of a jewelled earring shining against the black skin of a person, which would be at the cheek or jawline. I always imagine the jewel to be a ruby, because the red lights would look particularly rich against mahogany brown skin. The idea is that the jewel looks more beautiful because of the contrast, just as Juliet's beauty is contrasted with and stands out against the darkness of night.
"O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright!" Although both Romeo and Juliet constantly use images of light when referring to each other. "What light through yonder window breaks?" "She doth hang on the cheek of night like a rich jewel in an Ethiop's ear." "Thou wilt lie on the wings of night whiter than show on a raven's back."
Most famously,"She doth lie upon the cheek of night like a rich jewel in an ethiop's ear" (that's a simile) and "What light through yonder window breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sun." (that's a metaphor).
It's a metaphor. Romeo is comparing Juliet to an earring which dangles against a person's cheek. The person's skin, like the night, is dark, and Juliet shines in the dark the way a jewelled earring might shine against the skin of a dark-skinned person. It is surely one of Shakespeare's most beautiful and evocative metaphors.
Romeo
Two households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona, where we lay our scene, From ancient grudge break to new mutiny, Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.