A schema separates the physical aspect of data storagefrom the logical aspects of data representation.
The physical aspects of data storage refer to the hardware components used to store data, such as hard drives, tapes, or solid-state drives. The logical aspects of data representation involve how data is organized and structured for efficient retrieval and processing, such as through databases or file systems. The physical storage provides the medium for storing data, while the logical representation determines how that data is organized and accessed.
A logical unit of data is a virtual representation of data while a physical unit of data is the actual storage of data on a physical device. The logical unit of data is how data is organized and manipulated from a software perspective, while the physical unit of data is how data is stored on hardware such as disks or memory.
It is generally considered more difficult to achieve logical data independence compared to physical data independence. Logical data independence involves separating the conceptual structure of the data from the physical storage aspects, which can be complex depending on the database design. Physical data independence primarily deals with shielding the application from changes in the storage structure, which is usually more straightforward to achieve.
The three levels of data abstraction in a DBMS are physical, logical, and view. Physical level: Describes how data is stored in the database, including details like data storage and access paths. Logical level: Focuses on the structure of the data in the database, including schemas, tables, and relationships. View level: Represents how users view the data, providing a customized and simplified representation of the data to different user groups.
Network architecture refers to the design and structure of a network, including components, protocols, and technologies used for communication. Network topology, on the other hand, refers to the physical or logical layout of devices and how they are connected in a network, such as bus, star, ring, or mesh. In essence, network architecture defines how components work together, while network topology defines how components are arranged.
Logical data independence is considered more difficult than physical data independence because it involves changes to the conceptual schema and external schema, which are more closely tied to the way data is organized and viewed in the application. Physical data independence, on the other hand, deals with changes to the internal schema, which is more abstract and can be modified with less impact on the overall system.
A schema separates the physical aspect of data storagefrom the logical aspects of data representation.
A logical representation of one or more physical disks configured to provide redundant and/or large storage space for the system.
folder
difference between physical and logical data flow diagrams.
Tree
logical
Yes, a physical topology can support multiple logical topologies.
* Physical file (PF) contains the data and have only one record format. Logical file (LF) is a view of the physical file which does not contain any data may be based on one physical file or more then one physical file. Logical file can have more then one record format. Logical can be non join or join logical file. Performance becomes better if you use the logical file in the program.
token ring uses a physical star and a logical ring ,while FDDI uses a physical star/ring and a logical ring.
Can a single physical topology support multiple logical topologies give a proper reason.
The concept of a logical address space is simply involved the process of mapping the Logical addresses to their Physical Addresses . Logical addresses are generated by the CPU; also referred to as virtual addresses.while Physical Address is the actual address of the data stored on the physical device and mapped by MMU.
the schema can be termed either conceptual or logical or physical. But mostly speaking, the term schema is used to refer to a logical structure.