The spectra of the stars you want to analyze.
stars
Each substance has known specific maximum of absorption. Comparing spectra substances can be identified.
their surfaces are so cool that most hydrogen is in the ground state.
Spectrographs (assuming that's what you mean) are mostly used in astronomy. By analyzing the spectrum of radiation of a star, astronomers can learn how hot it is, and how much of it is composed of hydrogen, helium or other elements. For example, "red giant" stars are relatively cool enough for molecules to exist. The spectra of molecules have been detected in red giant stars.
Satars are classified according to their spectra and surface temperature. The classifications of temperature are the letters O, B, A, F, G, K, and M.
Charles Donald Shane has written: 'The spectra of certain class N stars ..' -- subject(s): Spectra, Stars
The Spectra.
Kenneth Bruce McBeath has written: 'Rapid variations of Balmer line strengths in the spectra of Be stars' -- subject(s): Spectra, B stars
Viktor Viktorovich Sobolev has written: 'Theory of stellar spectra' -- subject(s): Spectra, Stars 'Moving envelopes of stars' -- subject(s): Stars, Spectra, Radiation 'Course in theoretical astrophysics' -- subject(s): Astrophysics 'A treatise on radiative transfer' -- subject(s): Atmospheres, Radiative transfer, Radiation, Stars, Planets
Most stars have absorption spectra. In other words, stars possess thin outer layers that allow light to pass through. These layers produce what are called absorption lines. This means the light from the sun and stars are absorption spectra.
Paul Francis Buerger has written: 'Theoretical continuous and line spectra of stars in a close binary system' -- subject(s): Astronomical spectroscopy, Spectra, Double stars
stars
The color of the light radiated by the spectra can show the internal composition as well as the gases burning on the outer layer. Red stars are colder and blue stars are hotter.
The extinction spectra is actually the measurement of light absorption in different mediums. This spectra is used in chemistry and biochemistry.
Different chemical elements emit (or absorb) certain specific frequencies of light. When the light from a star is split in to it's rainbow spectrum of light, certain parts of the spectrum will be black (in absorption spectra) or brighter (in emission spectra). By comparing these lines to the known emission and absorption spectra of elements, the composition of a stars atmosphere can be determined.
Wayne Lee Waldron has written: 'A deep PSPC observation of the Cyg OB2 association' -- subject(s): Emission spectra, B stars, O stars, X ray sources, Radio observation, Spectrum analysis, Star clusters, X ray spectra, X ray astronomy, Radio spectra, X rays, Stellar spectra, Cygnus constellation
The elements on the visible part of distant stars can be obtained from the star spectra, that is, by analyzing the light that comes from the stars.